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Effects of Tetraethyl Lead Concentration on Exhaust Emissions in Customer Type Vehicle Operation
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Abstract
Effects of various concentrations of tetraethyl lead (TEL) on exhaust emissions were investigated. Eight Ford Galaxies equipped with production non-exhaust emission equipped 289-CID, 2-V engines were operated in customer service for 18,000 miles in the Detroit area. Four fuel blends were used in mileage accumulation — Indolene Clear (a full boiling range non-lead gasoline), Indolene 5 (Indolene Clear + 0.5 ml TEL/gallon in a motor mix blend*); Indolene 15 (Indolene Clear + 1.5 ml TEL/gallon in a motor mix blend), and Indolene 30 (Indolene Clear + 3.0 ml TEL/gallon in a motor mix blend). All engines were operated on the same petroleum base engine lubricant.
Exhaust emissions were monitored at approximately 3,000 mile intervals using the CMVPCB** seven-mode procedure. Additional seven-mode tests were obtained on each engine after combustion chamber deposits were removed at the completion of the mileage accumulation phase.
The increase in exhaust hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of vehicle operation on the leaded fuels was substantially higher than the HC increase of vehicles operated on Indolene Clear. At the 12,000 mile point, for example, the average HC increase for the leaded fuels was approximately 100 ppm as Hexane while the HC increase on Indolene Clear was negligible.
No deleterious effect, due to fuel used, was observed on any engine component.
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Citation
Gagliardi, J. and Ghannam, F., "Effects of Tetraethyl Lead Concentration on Exhaust Emissions in Customer Type Vehicle Operation," SAE Technical Paper 690015, 1969, https://doi.org/10.4271/690015.Also In
References
- Gagliardi, J. C. “The Effect of Anti-Knock Compounds and Deposits on Exhaust Emissions,” SAE Annual Meeting Detroit, Michigan January 9–13 1967
- Weaver, E. E. “The Effect of Tetraethyl Lead Concentration on Catalyst Life and Efficiency in Customer-Type Vehicle Operation,” SAE Annual Meeting Detroit, Michigan January 1969
- Hagen, D. F. Holiday, C. P. “The Effects of Engine Operating and Design Variables on Exhaust Emissions,” SAE Paper 486-C January 1962
- Rounds, F. et al “Some Effects of Engine — Fuel Variables on Exhaust Gas Hydrocarbon Content,” SAE Annual Meeting January 1955
- Scheffler, C. E. “Combustion Chamber Surface Area, A Key to Exhaust Hydrocarbons,” SAE Transactions 75 1967
- Fisher, G. E. Neerman, J. C. “Modified Saltzman Method for the Determination of Oxides of Nitrogen in Automotive Exhaust,” Ford March 1965
- Fisher, G. E. Neerman, J. C. “A Modified 3-Methyl 2-Benzothiozolone Hydrozone (MBTH) Method for the Determination of Total Aldehydes in Automotive Exhaust,” Ford April 1967
- Ritcheske, W. F. “The CLR Engine — A Useful Tool for Evaluating the Sludging Tendencies of Motor Oils,” SAE Annual Meeting January 1961
- Air Pollution Research Progress BOM Bartlesville Petroleum Research Center September 30 1968