Ultrasonics As Applied to Metal Forming and Assembly Processes

A review is presented of recent progress on ultrasonic metal deformation using high-frequency vibratory energy. Both general theoretical and experimental considerations are discussed, starting with the ultrasonic motor itself and covering the relationship between the unique properties of ultrasonic energy and unusual effects produced therein. Operations discussed are: metal-to-metal, metal-to-plastic, plastic-to-plastic, and rigid plastic assembly.