Progress in Ultrasonic Metal Forming

A review is presented of recent progress on ultrasonic metal deformation using high-frequency vibratory energy. Both general theoretical and experimental considerations are discussed, starting with the ultrasonic motor itself and covering the relationship between the unique properties of ultrasonic energy and unusual effects produced therein. Current work relating to three important areas of the ultrasonic metal deforming operations are stressed; these include wire drawing and material extrusion, rolling of sheet metal, and forging of sheet metal.