This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Thermomechanical Study on Induction Preheating in Friction Stir Welding of Structural Steel Using COMSOL Software for Automotive Applications
Technical Paper
2023-28-0034
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In this investigation, friction stir welding (FSW) was employed for joining HSLA steel plates (5 mm thick) of grade DMR249A in the development of light weight ship structures. This investigation aims to study the effect pre-heating temperature (PHT) on microstructure and mechanical properties of FSWed DMR249A steel-joints. The PHT of W99 tool was varied from 100 to 250°C. The optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and an elemental analysis of stir zone (SZ) of DMR249A steel-joint was carried out. The tensile properties, hardness and impact toughness of DMR249A steel-joints were evaluated and compared to BM and joints without PHT. Results disclosed that the DMR249A steel-joints made at PHT 100°C exhibited superior tensile properties and impact toughness compared to other joints. It is attributed to the evolution of finer acicular ferritic and upper bainitic microstructure with no debris of tool in SZ. COMSOL multi-physics software was used to simulate the preheating impact over the tool and base metal interface during welding. The predicted and experimented values are having good agreement.
Authors
Citation
Seerangan, R., Shubha, S., Vadivel, M., Kumar, S. et al., "Thermomechanical Study on Induction Preheating in Friction Stir Welding of Structural Steel Using COMSOL Software for Automotive Applications," SAE Technical Paper 2023-28-0034, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0034.Also In
References
- Venkatesh Kannan , M. , Arivazhagan , N. , Nageswara Rao , M. , and Madhusudhan Reddy , G. Effect of Inclusions on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Multi-Pass Welded Naval Grade Steel Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234 8 2020 1071 1083
- Chakraborty , G. , Rejeesh , R. , and Albert , S.K. Study on Hydrogen Assisted Cracking Susceptibility of HSLA Steel by Implant Test Defence Technology 12 6 2016 490 495
- Fujii , H. , Cui , L. , Tsuji , N. , Maeda , M. et al. Friction Stir Welding of Carbon Steels Materials Science and Engineering: A 429 1-2 2006 50 57
- Hariprasath , P. , Sivaraj , P. , Balasubramanian , V. , Pilli , S. et al. Assessment of Fatigue Life Prediction on Gas Metal Arc Welded DMR249A Steel Joints for Ship Hull Structure Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 2023 1 13
- Pamnani , R. , Sharma , G.K. , Mahadevan , S. , Jayakumar , T. et al. Residual Stress Studies on Arc Welding Joints of Naval Steel (DMR-249A) Journal of Manufacturing Processes 20 2015 104 111
- Pamnani , R. , Vasudevan , M. , Jayakumar , T. , and Vasantharaja , P. Development of Activated Flux, Optimization of Welding Parameters and Characterization of Weld Joint for DMR-249A Shipbuilding Steel Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 70 2017 49 57
- Mohammed , R. , Reddy , G.M. , and Rao , K.S. Comparative Studies on Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of DMR 249A Steel and its Welds IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 330 1 2018 012018
- Hariprasath , P. , Sivaraj , P. , Balasubramanian , V. , Pilli , S. et al. Effect of the Welding Technique on Mechanical Properties and Metallurgical Characteristics of the Naval Grade High Strength Low Alloy Steel Joints Produced by SMAW and GMAW CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 37 2022 584 595
- Hariprasath , P. , Sivaraj , P. , Balasubramanian , V. , Pilli , S. et al. Effect of Welding Processes on High Cycle Fatigue Behavior for Naval Grade HSLA Joints: A Fatigue Strength Prediction Engineering Failure Analysis 142 2022 106783
- Magudeeswaran , G. , Balasubramanian , V. , Reddy , G.M. , and Balasubramanian , T.S. Effect of Welding Processes and Consumables on Tensile and Impact Properties of High Strength Quenched and Tempered Steel Joints Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 15 6 2008 87 94
- Lambert , A. , Lambert , A. , Drillet , J. , Gourgues , A.F. et al. Microstructure of Martensite–Austenite Constituents in Heat Affected Zones of High Strength Low Alloy Steel Welds in Relation to Toughness Properties Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 5 3 2000 168 173
- Konkol , P.J. and Mruczek , M.F. Comparison of Friction Stir Weldments and Submerged Arc Weldments in HSLA-65 Steel Welding Journal 86 7 2007 187
- Prabhuraj , P. , Rajakumar , S. , Sonar , T. , Ivanov , M. et al. Effect of Retrogression and Reaging (RRA) on Pitting and Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Resistance of Stir Zone of High Strength AA7075-T651 Alloy Joined by Friction Stir Welding International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture 2022
- Manickam , S. , Rajendran , C. , Nathan , S.R. , Sivamaran , V. et al. Assessment of the Influence of FSSW Parameters on Shear Strength of Dissimilar Materials Joint (AA6061/AZ31B) International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture 6 1 2023 33 45
- Thompson , B. and Babu , S.S. Tool Degradation Characterization in the Friction Stir Welding of Hard Metals Welding Journal 89 2010 256 261
- Park , S.H.C. , Sato , Y.S. , Kokawa , H. , Okamoto , K. et al. Boride Formation Induced by pcBN Tool Wear in Friction-Stir-Welded Stainless Steels Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 40 2009 625 636
- Gan , W. , Li , Z.T. , and Khurana , S. Tool Materials Selection for Friction Stir Welding of L80 Steel Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 12 7 2007 610 613
- Nathan , S.R. , Balasubramanian , V. , Malarvizhi , S. , and Rao , A.G. An Investigation on Metallurgical Characteristics of Tungsten Based Tool Materials Used in Friction Stir Welding of Naval Grade High Strength Low Alloy Steels International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 56 2016 18 26
- Galvão , I. , Leal , R.M. , Rodrigues , D.M. , and Loureiro , A. Influence of Tool Shoulder Geometry on Properties of Friction Stir Welds in Thin Copper Sheets Journal of Materials Processing Technology 213 2 2013 129 135
- Lakshminarayanan , A.K. and Balasubramanian , V. An assessment of Microstructure, Hardness, Tensile and Impact Strength of Friction Stir Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Joints Materials & Design 31 10 2010 4592 4600
- Lakshminarayanan , A.K. and Balasubramanian , V. Understanding the Parameters Controlling Friction Stir Welding of AISI 409M Ferritic Stainless Steel Metals and Materials International 17 2011 969 981
- Ghosh , A. , Das , S. , Chatterjee , S. , and Rao , P.R. Effect of Cooling Rate on Structure and Properties of an Ultra-Low Carbon HSLA-100 Grade Steel Materials Characterization 56 1 2006 59 65
- Show , B.K. , Veerababu , R. , Balamuralikrishnan , R. , and Malakondaiah , G. Effect of Vanadium and Titanium Modification on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Microalloyed HSLA Steel Materials Science and Engineering: A 527 6 2010 1595 1604
- Momeni , A. , Arabi , H. , Rezaei , A. , Badri , H. et al. Hot Deformation Behavior of Austenite in HSLA-100 Microalloyed Steel Materials Science and Engineering: A 528 4-5 2011 2158 2163
- Ragu Nathan , S. , Balasubramanian , V. , Malarvizhi , S. , and Rao , A.G. Effect of D/TP Ratio on Stir Zone Characteristics of Friction Stir-Welded High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 232 10 2018 829 840
- Mehmet , B.B. and Cemal , M. The Effect of Tool Rotational and Traverse Speed on Friction Stir Weldability of AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steels Materials & Design 33 2012 376 383
- Ozekcin , A. , Jin , H.W. , Koo , J.Y. , Bangaru , N.V. et al. A Microstructural Study of Friction Stir Welded Joints of Carbon Steels International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 14 04 2004
- Thamburaj , R. and Goldak , J.A. The Influence of Preheating Temperature on Plastic Strain Distribution during Welding Materials Science and Engineering 67 2 1984 137 142
- Thomas , W.M. , Threadgill , P.L. , and Nicholas , E.D. Feasibility of Friction Stir Welding Steel Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 4 6 1999 365 372
- Wang , D. , Ni , D.R. , Xiao , B.L. , Ma , Z.Y. et al. Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joint of Fe–Cr–Mn–Mo–N Austenite Stainless Steel Materials & Design 64 2014 355 359
- Wan , X.L. , Wei , R. , and Wu , K.M. Effect of Acicular Ferrite Formation on Grain Refinement in the Coarse-Grained Region of Heat-Affected Zone Materials Characterization 61 7 2010 726 731
- Yabuuchi , K. , Tsuda , N. , Kimura , A. , Morisada , Y. et al. Effects of Tool Rotation Speed on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Friction Stir Welded ODS Steel Materials Science and Engineering: A 595 2014 291 296
- Lienert , T.J. , Stellwag , W.L. , Grimmett , B.B. , and Warke , R.W. Friction Stir Welding Studies on Mild Steel Welding Journal 89 2003 1s 9s
- Aydin , H. and Nelson , T.W. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hard Zone in Friction Stir Welded X80 Pipeline Steel Relative to Different Heat Input Materials Science and Engineering: A 586 2013 313 322