This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of an Outward Opening Injector Pintle Dynamics
Technical Paper
2023-01-1810
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Direct injection strategies have been successfully used on spark ignited internal combustion engines for improving performance and reducing emissions. Among the different technologies available, outward opening injectors seem to have found their place in renewable applications running on gaseous fuels, including natural gas or hydrogen, as well as in a few specific liquid fuel applications.
In order to understand the key operating principles of these devices, their limitations and the resulting sprays, it is necessary to accurately describe the pintle dynamics. The pintle’s relative position with respect to the injector body defines the internal flow geometry and therefore the injection rates and spray characteristics.
In this paper both numerical and experimental investigations of the dynamics of an outward opening injector pintle have been carried out. The injector average flow rates and instantaneous pintle position have been experimentally measured at a variety of pressures and injection durations using air as the working fluid. In addition to the experimental measurements, the injector internals were thoroughly measured and characterized so that a high-fidelity numerical model could be assembled.
A multi-physics model featuring a simplified electromagnetic representation of the injector solenoid and a spring-mass-damper system for the pintle dynamics integrated with a 1-dimensional computational fluid dynamics description of the internal flow using two-way fluid-structure-interaction coupling was developed in the commercial software GT-Suite. The model is capable of accurately predicting the pintle position and average flow rates, at a variety of conditions, using working fluid pressure and injector current profile as the only inputs.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Eguiluz, R., Stover, L., Powell, T., Costa, T. et al., "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of an Outward Opening Injector Pintle Dynamics," SAE Technical Paper 2023-01-1810, 2023.Also In
References
- Powell , C.F. , Kastengren , A.L. , Liu , Z. , and Fezzaa , K. 2011 012802
- Cammalleri , M. , Pipitone , E. , Beccari , S. , and Genchi , G. A Mathematical Model for the Prediction of the Injected Mass Diagram of a SI Engine Gas Injector Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 27 2013 3253 3265
- Pipitone , E. , Beccari , S. , Cammalleri , M. , and Genchi , G. Experimental Model-Based Linearization of a SI Engine Gas Injector Flow Chart Strojniški vestnik-Journal of Mechanical Engineering 60 11 2014 694 708
- Berger , S. , Wegmann , T. , Meinke , M. , and Schröder , W. Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Biofuel Injection in an Optical Direct Injection Engine SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-2121 2020 https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2121
- Mata , C. , Rojas-Reinoso , V. , and Soriano , J.A. Experimental Determination and Modelling of Fuel Rate of Injection: A Review Fuel 343 2023 127895
- Sim , J. , Badra , J. , Elwardani , A.E. , and Im , H.G. 2016
- Srinivasan , K.K. , Agarwal , A.K. , and Krishnan , S.R. Mulone , V. Natural Gas Engines. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability Singapore Springer 2019
- Atef , N. , Badra , J. , Jaasim , M. , Im , H.G. et al. Numerical Investigation of Injector Geometry Effects on Fuel Stratification in a GCI Engine Fuel 214 2018 580 589
- Badra , J.A. , Sim , J. , Elwardany , A. , Jaasim , M. et al. Numerical Simulations of Hollow-Cone Injection and Gasoline Compression Ignition Combustion with Naphtha Fuels Journal of Energy Resources Technology 138 5 2016 052202
- Payri , R. , Salvador , F.J. , Martí-Aldaraví , P. , and Martínez-López , J. Using One-Dimensional Modeling to Analyze the Influence of the Use of Biodiesels on the Dynamic Behavior of Solenoid-Operated Injectors in Common Rail Systems: Detailed Injection System Model Energy Conversion and Management 54 1 2012 90 99
- Deshmukh , A.Y. , Giefer , C. , Goeb , D. , Khosravi , M. et al. A Quasi-One-Dimensional Model for an Outwardly Opening Poppet-Type Direct Gas Injector for Internal Combustion Engines International Journal of Engine Research 21 8 2020 1493 1519
- Blair , G. Design and Simulation of Four-Stroke Engines SAE International 1999
- Salvador , F.J. , Gimeno , J. , De la Morena , J. , and Carreres , M. Using One-Dimensional Modeling to Analyze the Influence of the Use of Biodiesels on the Dynamic Behavior of Solenoid-Operated Injectors in Common Rail Systems: Results of the Simulations and Discussion Energy Conversion and Management 54 1 2012 122 132
- Plamondon , E. and Seers , P. Development of a Simplified Dynamic Model for a Piezoelectric Injector Using Multiple Injection Strategies with Biodiesel/Diesel-Fuel Blends Applied Energy 131 2014 411 424
- Winterbone , D.E. and Pearson , R.J. Theory of Engine Manifold Design: Wave Action Methods for IC Engines London Professional Engineering Publishing 2000
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw-Hill Education 2018
- Brauer , J.R. Magnetic Actuators and Sensors John Wiley & Sons 2006
- Winroth , P.M. , Ford , C.L. , and Alfredsson , P.-H. On Discharge from Poppet Valves: Effects of Pressure and System Dynamics Experiments in Fluids 59 2018 1 15