This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Development and Validation of a Battery Thermal Management Model for Electric Vehicles under Cold Driving
Technical Paper
2023-01-1610
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Battery thermal management system (BTMS) significantly improves battery electric vehicle (BEV) performance, especially under cold weather. A tradeoff between battery power consumption and cabin heating performance must be considered in cold driving conditions. This preliminary study aims to develop an integrated battery pack and coolant channel model to predict the thermal behavior of a BEV thermal management system. In this study, we develop and calibrate the physical baseline model with testbench data using finite element and CFD software. First, an electrochemical battery cell 1D model (Pseudo-2D or P2D) is built and calibrated against the cell reference data. An integrated pack model consisting of four modules (each has 23 and 25 bricks and a total of 4416 cells) with coolant flow channels is developed using reference and benchmarked data. Then, the model is calibrated against experimental results from a mass-production, mid-size battery-electric SUV operated under cold driving conditions at a constant vehicle speed of 60 km/h for 5800 sec. The integrated model considers the heat transfer characteristics from cell-to-brick and brick-to-coolant channels. As a result, a thermodynamic model that can predict the average battery temperature rise, temperature changes, and pressure drops of the coolant of the battery pack is constructed. The result shows that the battery pack model can predict the coolant pressure drop of the pack with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.49 % and the coolant temperature rise with a 5.23% MAPE. The calibrated battery pack model can reasonably reproduce the terminal voltage with a MAPE of 0.30%. A 3D-CFD simulation result of the battery brick model is also reported on the cell-to-cell temperature distribution of 46 cells.
Authors
Citation
Ma, Y., Sok, R., Cui, E., Kishida, K. et al., "Development and Validation of a Battery Thermal Management Model for Electric Vehicles under Cold Driving," SAE Technical Paper 2023-01-1610, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1610.Also In
References
- Lin , J. , Liu , X. , Li , S. , Zhang , C. et al. A Review on Recent Progress, Challenges and Perspective of Battery Thermal Management System International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 167 2021 120834 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120834
- Wang , J. , Hu , D. , Shen , H. , Yang , T. et al. Optimization Methodology for Lithium-Ion Battery Temperature Sensor Placement Based on Thermal Management and Thermal Runaway Requirement 2020 11th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE) 2020 https://doi.org/10.1109/icmae50897.2020.9178868
- Kleiner , J. , Stuckenberger , M. , Komsiyska , L. , and Endisch , C. Real-Time Core Temperature Prediction of Prismatic Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Based on Artificial Neural Networks Journal of Energy Storage 39 2021 102588 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102588
- Kleiner , J. , Stuckenberger , M. , Komsiyska , L. , and Endisch , C. Real-Time Core Temperature Prediction of Prismatic Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Based On Artificial Neural Networks Journal of Energy Storage 39 2021 102588 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102588
- Jeyamoorthy , A. , Degawa , T. , Sok , R. , Akimichi , T. et al. Development and Comparison of Virtual Sensors Constructed using AI Techniques to Estimate the Performances of IC Engines SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-1064 2022 https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-1064
- Li , D. , Lin , Y. , and Chun , L. Control-Oriented Thermal-Electrochemical Modeling and Validation of Large Size Prismatic Lithium Battery for Commercial Applications Energy 214 2021 119057 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119057
- Manh-Kien , T. , Andre , D. , and Anosh , M. Comparative Study of Equivalent Circuit Models Performance in Four Common Lithium-Ion Batteries: LFP, NMC, LMO, NCA Batteries 7 3 2021 51 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries7030051
- Wu , Q. , Rui , H. , and Xiaoli , Y. Measurement of Thermophysical Parameters and Thermal Modeling of 21,700 Cylindrical Battery Journal of Energy Storage 65 2023 107338 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107338
- Ding , Y. , Haocheng , J. , Minxiang , W. , and Rui , L. Effect of Liquid Cooling System Structure on Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Temperature Fields International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 183 2022 122178 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122178
- García , A. , Javier , M. , Rafael , S. , and Santiago , B. Thermal Runaway Evaluation and Thermal Performance Enhancement of a Lithium-Ion Battery Coupling Cooling System and Battery Sub-Models Applied Thermal Engineering 202 2022 117884 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117884
- Newman , J. and Nitash , P. Electrochemical Systems Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2021
- Batemo 2023 https://www.batemo.de/products/batemo-cell-library/lg-chem-inr21700-m50t
- 2023 https://www.thunderheartreviews.com/2019/08/lg-m50t-grade-a-test.html
- Taleghani , S.B. and M, Karim Z, and Gaétan L. A Study on the Effect of Porosity and Particles Size Distribution on Li-Ion Battery Performance Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164 11 2017 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0211711jes
- Elger , F. , Barbara , L. , Clayton , T. , and John , A. Engineering Fluid Mechanics Hoboken John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2022
- White , C.M. Streamline Flow through Curved Pipes Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character 123 792 1929 645 663 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1929.0089
- Sok , R. and Kusaka , J. Development and Validation of Thermal Performances in a Novel Thermoelectric Generator Model for Automotive Waste Heat Recovery Systems International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 202 123718 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123718
- Xia , G. , Lei , C. , and Guanglong , B. A Review on Battery Thermal Management in Electric Vehicle Application Journal of Power Sources 367 2017 90 105 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.09.046
- Manik , T.U. , Sudrajat , G. , and Sitorus , T.B. The Experimental Study of the Coolant Flow Rate of an Ethylene Glycol-Mixed Water to the Heat Transfer Rate on the Radiator IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 505 1 2019 012063 https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/505/1/012063
- MarkLines 2023 https://www.marklines.com/en/teardown/tesla_model_y
- Valvoline 2023 https://www.valvolineglobal.com/en/zerex-g-48/