Rapid depletion of petroleum crude oil resources, stringent regulations on gaseous emission, and global warming due to exhaust pollution have compelled us to use the alternative of diesel fuel. Biodiesel is a green alternative fuel that can be produced from edible as well as non-edible vegetable oils, waste cooking frying oils, and animal fats. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, bio-gradable, renewable, non-sulfur, and non-toxic fuel. JP-8 is an aviation turbine fuel and is readily available. Gasoline fuel is also available in surplus. Under the multi-fuel strategy program, optimization of fuel availability is required for both, military combat as well as highway commercial heavy-duty vehicles. It was essential to assess the performance, NOx reduction, nanoparticle emission, and engine wear by using Gasoline, JP-8, and esterified Karanja oil biodiesel fuels on a military heavy-duty diesel engine. EGR is a useful technique to reduce NOx emissions. A Military heavy-duty,12-cylinders,720 kW, compression ignition diesel injection (CIDI) engine was operated using all three test fuels applying 10% EGR. All tests were conducted at different engine speeds with load conditions between 20% and 100%. A slight deterioration (2-5%) in engine performance was observed for Gasoline, JP-8, and KOME biodiesel fuels as compared to diesel fuel. NOx emission was reduced by 15-26% along with lowered nanoparticle emission when the engine was operated with Gasoline, JP-8, and KOME biodiesel fuels. Engine wear was found maximum (1-2.6%) with Gasoline and JP-8 fuel.