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Mixture Formation Analysis for Diesel, n-Dodecane, RME, and HVO in Large-Scale Injector Nozzles
Technical Paper
2022-37-0020
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
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Language:
English
Abstract
Momentum conservation is a principle rule that affects the behaviour of vapour
jet and liquid spray penetration. The air entrainment and mixture formation
processes are dominated by the momentum transferred from the fuel to the ambient
gas. Thus, it is a significant factor in the development of spray and jet
penetration. This mixture formation process is well described for small-scale
passenger car injectors; however, it has to be investigated in more detail for
large-scale injector nozzles. The current work provides
qualitative and quantitative results of spray and jet parameters in a constant
volume combustion chamber (CVC). Two optical methods have been utilized to
evaluate spray and jet details: Schlieren photography as a method to visualize
the jet penetration and cone angle as well as Mie scattering for the phase
change evaluation and the determination of liquid spray parameters. The
temperature and pressure of inert gas and fuel inside a CVC are set to exemplify
engine conditions. The chamber temperature is ranged between 873 to 973K, the
chamber pressure is increased from 5 to 7 MPa and the injection pressure is
changed between 50 to 150 MPa. Four fuels are selected in order to shed light
upon the effects of fuel properties on spray and jet parameters. As a part of
this evaluation, n-dodecane and two types of bio-diesel fuel generations, RME
(1st Generation) and HVO (2nd Generation) are
dissected to expand their influences on mixture formation, which can be
connected to the emission production in diesel engines. Finally, two large-scale
injector nozzles with an outlet hole diameter of 300 μm (cylindrical and conical
nozzles) cover the effects of geometry parameters on spray and jet development.
The results accentuate the fact that the liquid spray parameters are effectively
fuel-dependent, while total jet parameters are mostly affected by nozzle
geometry. Liquid spray length is varied from n-dodecane as a low-boiling fuel to
RME as a less-volatile fuel. The conical nozzle results in less cavitation,
which is effectively influential on liquid spray and total jet penetrations.
Authors
Citation
Fajri, H., Clemente Mallada, R., Riess, S., Strauß, L. et al., "Mixture Formation Analysis for Diesel, n-Dodecane, RME, and HVO in Large-Scale Injector Nozzles," SAE Technical Paper 2022-37-0020, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-37-0020.Also In
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