This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Knock Frequency-Based Knock Control
Technical Paper
2022-01-5043
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
Automotive Technical Papers
Language:
English
Abstract
Knocking is still one of today’s major limitations regarding efficiency-increasing measures for SI combustion engines. Due to the complex stochastic nature of the phenomenon, not only prediction and consideration within the engine development is of relevance. A further challenge is control of the phenomenon during engine operation, with the aim of maximizing the efficiency while preventing engine damage and maintaining the driver comfort. Conventional knock control is characterized by detecting knock events and subsequently adjusting the spark timing depending on whether knock was detected. This paper proposes a new knock control concept based on the prediction and direct control of the knock frequency, compared to the conventional reactive and indirect control of the knock frequency. For the prediction of the knock frequency, a calculation approach based on three different parameters is utilized. Two parameters contain information about the auto-ignition onset distribution of single working cycles at a respective operating point, while the third parameter contains a calibrated limit for the knock frequency calculation. Thus cycle-to-cycle variations and the state of chemical reactions via the auto-ignition determination are included in the prediction. Two zero-dimensional (0D) models to simulate the new knock frequency-based and conventional knock control are set up to investigate the potential of the new control approach under stationary and transient conditions. Comparison of the two controllers under various operating conditions reveals an efficiency increase of up to 0.8%, realized mainly by reduced variability of the center of combustion over time. Finally, the new concept and the investigation by simulation are discussed with regard to an engine application, highlighting the relevance of the computational performance.
Authors
Citation
Fajt, N., Grill, M., Bargende, M., and Kulzer, A., "Knock Frequency-Based Knock Control," SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-5043, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-5043.Also In
References
- Pla , B. , Bares , P. , Jiménez , I. , Guardiola , C. et al. A Fuzzy Logic Map-Based Knock Control for Spark Ignition Engines Applied Energy 280 2020 116036 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116036
- Peyton Jones , J.C. , Shayestehmanesh , S. , and Frey , J. A Dual-Threshold Knock Controller International Journal of Engine Research 18 8 2017 837 846 https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087416676756
- Shayestehmanesh , S. , Peyton Jones , J.C. , and Frey , J. Computing the Closed-Loop Characteristics of a Generalized Multi-Threshold Knock Controller International Journal of Engine Research 19 9 2018 952 962 https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087417736693
- Peyton Jones , J.C. , Muske , K.R. , and Frey , J. A Stochastic Knock Control Algorithm SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1017 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1017
- Peyton Jones , J.C. , Frey , J. , and Muske , K.R. A Statistical Likelihood Based Knock Controller 6th IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43 7 2010 809 814 https://doi.org/10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00035
- Shen , X. , Zhang , Y. , Shen , T. , and Khajorntraidet , C. Spark Advance Self-Optimization with Knock Probability Threshold for Lean-Burn Operation Mode of SI Engine Energy 122 2017 1 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.065
- Ham , Y.Y. , Chun , K.M. , Lee , J.H. , and Chang , K.S. Spark-Ignition Engine Knock Control and Threshold Value Determination SAE Technical Paper 960496 1996 https://doi.org/10.4271/960496
- Penese , M. , Damasceno , C.F. , Bucci , A. , and Montanari , G. Sigma® on Knock Phenomenon Control of Flexfuel Engines SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3990 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3990
- Hess , M. , Grill , M. , Bargende , M. , and Kulzer , A.C. Two-Stage 0D/1D Knock Model to Predict the Knock Boundary of SI Engines 21th Stuttgart International Symposium Stuttgart 514 530 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33466-6_37
- Fandakov , A. , Grill , M. , Bargende , M. , and Kulzer , A.C. A Two-Stage Knock Model for the Development of Future SI Engine Concepts SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0855 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0855
- Worret , R. , Bernhardt , S. , Schwarz , F. , and Spicher , U. Application of Different Cylinder Pressure based Knock Detection Methods in Spark Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1668 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1668
- Douaud , A. and Eyzat , P. Four-Octane-Number Method for Predicting the Anti-Knock Behavior of Fuels and Engines SAE Technical Paper 780080 1978 https://doi.org/10.4271/780080
- Hess , M. , Grill , M. , Bargende , M. , and Kulzer , A. New Criteria for 0D/1D Knock Models to Predict the Knock Boundary for Different Gasoline Fuels SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-0377 2021 https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0377
- Blomberg , M. , Hess , M. , Hesse , R. , and Morsch , P. 2021
- Blomberg , M. , Fajt , N. , and Leyens , L. 2022
- Hess , M. , Grill , M. , Bargende , M. , and Kulzer , A. Knock Model Covering Thermodynamic and Chemical Influences on the Two-Stage Auto-Ignition of Gasoline Fuels SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-0381 2021 https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0381
- Gamma Technologies https://www.gtisoft.com/gtsuite 2022 2022
- Grill , M. , Billinger , T. , and Bargende , M. Quasi-Dimensional Modeling of Spark Ignition Engine Combustion with Variable Valve Train SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1107 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-1107
- Grill , M. and Bargende , M. The Development of an Highly Modular Designed Zero-Dimensional Engine Process Calculation Code SAE Int. J. Engines 3 1 2010 1 11 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0149
- FKFS UserCylinder® 2021 https://www.fkfs.de/en/competencies/virtualdevelopment/virtual-engine-development 2021
- Peyton Jones , J.C. , Spelina , J.M. , and Frey , J. Likelihood-Based Control of Engine Knock IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 21 6 2013 2169 2180 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2012.2229280
- Kiencke , U. and Nielsen , L. Automotive Control Systems: For Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle Heidelberg Springer 2005 3-540-23139-0
- Rassweiler , G. and Withrow , L. Motion Pictures of Engine Flames Correlated with Pressure Cards SAE Technical Paper 380139 1938 https://doi.org/10.4271/380139
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals New York McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1988 978-0070286375
- Vibe , I.I. Brennverlauf und Kreisprozess von Verbrennungsmotoren Berlin VEB-Verlag Technik 1970