Measuring Brake Wear Particles with a Real-Driving Emissions Sampling System on a Brake Dynamometer
Technical Paper
2022-01-1180
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
Brake wear particles are recognized as one of the dominant sources of road
transport particulate matter emissions and are linked to adverse health effects
and environmental impact. The UNECE mandated the Particle Measurement Program to
address this issue, by developing a harmonized sampling and measurement
methodology for the investigation of brake wear particles on a brake dynamometer
(dyno). However, although the brake dyno approach with tightly controlled test
conditions offers good reproducibility, a multitude of changing vehicle and
surrounding conditions make real-driving emissions measurement a highly relevant
task. Here we show two different prototypes for on-road particle measurement
with minimal impact of the measurement setup on the emission behavior, tested on
a brake dyno. The prototypes cover only a part of the brake disc and allow for
installation with minimal interventions on a commercial passenger car, while
still closely following the harmonized methodology for brake dynos. Repeated
WLTP Trip-10 cycles with different sampling flow rates were performed to
investigate the thermal behavior and the particle aspiration efficiency of our
setups. An additional self-defined cycle was used to compare the brake dyno
emissions with prior on-road tests on a test track. We found that one prototype
is more favorable in terms of the desired low thermal impact on the brakes. The
other, which is intended to offer a better collection efficiency, leads to
elevated brake temperatures with a positive correlation to measured PN and PM
emissions. WLTP Trip-10 PN and PM10 emission factors we observed in
the order of 3.44 to 5.5 × 109 #/km and 4.5 to 6 mg/km for prototypes
one and two, respectively, while sampling exclusively from the outside of a
single front brake disc of a medium class passenger vehicle. Following a similar
driving cycle and system setup, PM10 and PM2.5 emissions
were found to be 39% and 44% higher on-road compared to the dyno test.
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Authors
Topic
Citation
Huber, M., Fischer, P., Mamakos, A., Steiner, G. et al., "Measuring Brake Wear Particles with a Real-Driving Emissions Sampling System on a Brake Dynamometer," SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-1180, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-1180.Also In
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