This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Simulation of the Internal Flow and Cavitation of Hydrous Ethanol-Gasoline Fuels in a Multi-Hole Direct Injector
Technical Paper
2022-01-0501
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Hydrous ethanol not only has the advantages of high-octane number and valuable oxygen content, but also reduce the energy consumption in the production process. However, little literature investigated the internal flow and cavitation of hydrous ethanol-gasoline fuels in the multi-hole direct injector. In this simulation, a two-phase fuel flow model in injector is established based on the multi-fluid model of Euler-Euler method, and the accuracy of model is verified. On the basis of this model, the flow of different hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends is calculated under different injection conditions, and the cavitation, flow rate, and velocity at the outlet of the nozzle are predicted. Meanwhile, the influence of temperature and back pressure on the flow is also analyzed. The results show that the use of hydrous ethanol reduces the flow rate, compared with the velocity of E0, that of E10w, E20w, E50w, E85w, and E100w decreases by 10%, 12.9%, 17.6%, 20%, and 23.5%, respectively. Moreover, with the use of hydrous ethanol, the porosity increases first and then decreases, and the turbulent kinetic energy reduces by 27%. In addition, the velocity of fuel flow increases, cavitation strengthens (increases by 12.5%), and turbulent kinetic energy distribution improves. Nevertheless, with increase in fuel injection back pressure, both of the flow velocity (reduces by about 25%), cavitation, and turbulent kinetic energy decrease.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Shi, X., Qian, W., Liao, Y., Jiang, Y. et al., "Simulation of the Internal Flow and Cavitation of Hydrous Ethanol-Gasoline Fuels in a Multi-Hole Direct Injector," SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-0501, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0501.Also In
References
- Yang , R. , Chen , Y. , Wu , Y. , Hua , D. et al. Production of Liquid Fuel via Coliquefaction of Coal and Dunaliella Tertiolecta in a Sub-/Supercritical Water-Ethanol System Energy & Fuels 27 2013 2619 2627 10.1021/ef4001242
- Lee , C.C. , Tran , M. , Tan , B.T. , Scribano , G. et al. Chemical Effect of Ethanol on the Aromatics Formation in Methane-Ethanol Coflow Diffusion Flame at Pressures from 1 to 6 Bar: A Numerical Study Energy 234 2021 121215 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121215
- Yu , X. , Zhao , Z. , Huang , Y. , Shi , W. et al. Experimental Study on the Effects of EGR on Combustion and Emission of an SI Engine with Gasoline Port Injection Plus Ethanol Direct Injection Fuel 305 2021 121421 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121421
- Rosa , J.S. , Telli , G.D. , Altafini , C.R. , Wander , P.R. et al. Dual Fuel Ethanol Port Injection in a Compression Ignition Diesel Engine: Technical Analysis, Environmental Behavior, and Economic Viability Journal of Cleaner Production 308 2021 127396 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127396
- Song , L. , Zhao , F. , Xu , S. , Ju , X. et al. ReaxFF Study on Combustion Mechanism of Ethanol/Nitromethane Fuel 303 2021 121221 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121221
- Zhang , L. and Qi , Q. A Reduced Mechanism for the Combustion of Gasoline-Ethanol Blend on Advanced Engine Combustion Modes Fuel 300 2021 120951 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120951
- Figueroa-Labastida , M. , Luong , M.B. , Badra , J. , Im , H.G. et al. Experimental and Computational Studies of Methanol and Ethanol Preignition Behind Reflected Shock Waves Combustion and Flame 234 2021 111621 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111621
- Li , X. , Zhen , X. , Xu , S. , Wang , Y. et al. Numerical Comparative Study on Knocking Combustion of High Compression Ratio Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Methanol, Ethanol and Methane Based on Detailed Chemical Kinetics Fuel 306 2021 121615 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121615
- Wu , C. , Chen , R. , Pu , J. , and Lin , T. The influence of Air-Fuel Ratio on Engine Performance and Pollutant Emission of an SI Engine Using Ethanol-Gasoline-Blended Fuels Atmospheric Environment 38 2004 7093 7100 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.058
- Chen , Z. , He , J. , Chen , H. , Geng , L. et al. Comparative Study on the Combustion and Emissions of Dual-Fuel Common Rail Engines Fueled with Diesel/Methanol, Diesel/Ethanol, and Diesel/n-butanol Fuel 304 2021 121360 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121360
- Leng , R. , Wang , C. , Zhang , C. , Dai , D. et al. Life Cycle Inventory and Energy Analysis of Cassava-Based Fuel Ethanol in China Journal of Cleaner Production 16 2008 374 384 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.12.003
- Jiao , J. , Li , J. , and Bai , Y. Uncertainty Analysis in the life Cycle Assessment of Cassava Ethanol in China Journal of Cleaner Production 206 2019 438 451 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.199
- Breaux , B.B. and Acharya , S. The Effect of Elevated Water Content on Swirl-Stabilized Ethanol/Air Flames Fuel 105 2013 90 102 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.07.051
- Shirazi , S.A. , Abdollahipoor , B. , Martinson , J. , Reardon , K.F. et al. Physiochemical Property Characterization of Hydrous and Anhydrous Ethanol Blended Gasoline Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 57 2018 11239 11245 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01711
- Deng , X. , Chen , Z. , Wang , X. , Zhen , H. et al. Exhaust Noise, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Pure Gasoline and Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 12 2018 55 63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2018.02.004
- Parag , S. and Raghavan , V. Experimental Investigation of Burning Rates of Pure Ethanol and Ethanol Blended Fuels Combustion and Flame 156 2009 997 1005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.10.011
- Katoch , A. , Millán-Merino , A. , and Kumar , S. Measurement of Laminar Burning Velocity of Ethanol-Air Mixtures at Elevated Temperatures Fuel 231 2018 37 44 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.083
- Chato , M. , Fukuda , S. , Sato , K. , Fujikawa , T. et al. Fuel Spray Evaporation and Mixture Formation Processes of Ethanol/Gasoline Blend Injected by Hole-Type Nozzle for DISI Engine Sae International Journal of Engines 5 2012 1836 1846
- Kale , R. and Banerjee , R. Experimental Investigation on GDI Spray Behavior of Isooctane and Alcohols at Elevated Pressure and Temperature Conditions Fuel 236 2019 1 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.153
- Chaves , H.K.M.K. Experimental Study of Cavitation in the Nozzle Hole of Diesel Injectors Using Transparent Nozzles SAE Technical Paper 950290 1995 https://doi.org/10.4271/950290
- He , Z. , Shao , Z. , Wang , Q. , Zhong , W. et al. Experimental Study of Cavitating Flow Inside Vertical Multi-Hole Nozzles with Different Length-Diameter Ratios Using Diesel and Biodiesel Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 60 2015 252 262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.09.015
- Cao , T. , He , Z. , Zhou , H. , Guan , W. et al. Experimental Study on the Effect of Vortex Cavitation in Scaled-Up Diesel Injector Nozzles and Spray Characteristics Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 113 2020 110016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.110016
- Hanjalić , K. , Popovac , M. , and Hadžiabdić , M. A Robust near-Wall Elliptic-Relaxation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Model for CFD Int J Heat Fluid Fl 25 2004 1047 1051
- Yu , Y. , Li , G. , Wang , Y. , and Ding , J. Modeling the Atomization of High-Pressure Fuel Spray by Using a New Breakup Model Appl Math Model 40 2016 268 283