This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Detection and Onset Determination of End-Gas Autoignition on Spark-Ignited Natural Gas Engines Based on the Apparent Heat Release Rate
Technical Paper
2022-01-0474
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Natural Gas used in high-efficiency engines holds promise as a low-cost intermediate solution to reduce Greenhouse Gases and particulate matter. However, to achieve high engine efficiencies, engines need to be operated at increased Brake Mean Effective Pressures (BMEP), which is limited by destructive, engine damaging knock. Alternatively, if controlled, the same End-Gas Autoignition (EGAI) process responsible for knock can boost efficiencies and consume unburned methane while leveraging low-cost traditional exhaust aftertreatment technologies, such as a three-way catalyst, to minimize environmental impact. For this reason, this work has developed a method to detect the presence of EGAI and to determine its onset location (or crank angle). This method is based on the characteristic profile of the Apparent Heat Release Rate (AHRR) curve under four levels of EGAI, where, by searching for the presence and location of inflection points, one can determine the onset location and intensity of EGAI. Results show a remarkably good agreement in determining the onset of EGAI for various engine operating conditions, including engine speed, IMEP, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) levels, and engine sizes, especially in the light/low EGAI levels that are highly important for a Controlled EGAI (C-EGAI) operation. The method can also successfully determine if a cycle is autoigniting or not and run under two milliseconds on a standard workstation, which could allow it to be implemented on a cycle-by-cycle real-time engine control setup.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Bernardi Bestel, D., Rodriguez, J., Marchese, A., Olsen, D. et al., "Detection and Onset Determination of End-Gas Autoignition on Spark-Ignited Natural Gas Engines Based on the Apparent Heat Release Rate," SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-0474, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0474.Also In
References
- Reitz , R.D. Directions in Internal Combustion Engine Research Combustion and Flame 160 1 2013 1 8
- Kalghatgi , G.T. The Outlook for Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines International Journal of Engine Research 15 4 2014 383 398
- Kalghatgi , G. Developments in Internal Combustion Engines and Implications for Combustion Science and Future Transport Fuels Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 35 1 2015 101 115
- Shukla , P. , Skea , J. , Calvo Buendia , E. , Masson-Delmotte , V. , et al. 2019
- Mitchell , R.H. and Olsen , D.B. Extending Substitution Limits of a Diesel-Natural Gas Dual Fuel Engine Journal of Energy Resources Technology 140 5 2018
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw-Hill Education 2018 1-260-11610-7
- Mohr , J. 2020
- Bestel , D. , Bayliff , S. , Marchese , A. , Olsen , D. , et al. Multi-Dimensional Modeling of the CFR Engine for the Investigation of SI Natural Gas Combustion and Controlled End-Gas Autoignition Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference American Society of Mechanical Engineers 0-7918-8403-1: V001T06A012 2020
- Bestel , D. , Bayliff , S. , Xu , H. , Marchese , A. et al. Investigation of the End-Gas Autoignition Process in Natural Gas Engines and Evaluation of the Methane Number Index Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 38 4 2021 5839 5847
- Bayliff , S.M. 2020
- Hampson , G.J. High Efficiency Natural Gas Engine Combustion Using Controlled Auto-Ignition American Society of Mechanical Engineers 0-7918-5934-7: V001T03A019 2019
- Zdanowicz , A. , Mohr , J. , Tryner , J. , Gustafson , K. et al. End-Gas Autoignition Fraction and Flame Propagation Rate in Laser-Ignited Primary Reference Fuel Mixtures at Elevated Temperature and Pressure Combustion and Flame 234 2021 111661
- Zdanowicz , A.J. End-Gas Autoignition Propensity and Flame Propagation Rate Measurements in Laser-Ignited Rapid Compression Machine Experiments Colorado State University 2019 1088324525
- Bayliff , S. , Windom , B. , Marchese , A. , Hampson , G. , et al. Controlled End Gas Auto Ignition With Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a Stoichiometric, Spark Ignited, Natural Gas Engine American Society of Mechanical Engineers 0-7918-8403-1: V001T03A011 2020
- Checkel , M. and Dale , J. Computerized Knock Detection from Engine Pressure Records SAE Technical Paper 860028 1986 https://doi.org/10.4271/860028
- Checkel , M. and Dale , J. Testing a Third Derivative Knock Indicator on a Production Engine SAE Technical Paper 861216 1986 https://doi.org/10.4271/861216
- Schmillen , K.P. and Rechs , M. Different Methods of Knock Detection and Knock Control SAE Technical Paper 910858 1991 https://doi.org/10.4271/910858
- ASTM International ASTM D2699-12 2012
- Waukesha , C. Dresser Inc 2003
- https://www.cummins.com/engines/natural-gas/fuel-quality-calculator December 2021