This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Safety Comparison of Geometric Configurations of Electric Vehicle Battery under Side Pole Impact
Technical Paper
2022-01-0265
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Batteries have various sizes and can be configured into different layouts in battery pack on electric vehicles. Crash safety performance is one of the key requirements in choosing battery geometric characteristics and designing layout of battery cells in battery pack. In this study, we compared impact responses of different configurations and geometric characteristics of battery cells under side pole impact. The side pole impact is a relatively dangerous collision type for electric vehicles, often causing large deformation and damage to the battery. Using a production battery pack, we first conducted side pole impact tests with sled tester, and then simulated the test configuration. Using the test simulation as baseline model and keeping the total volume and mass of battery cells unchanged, we expanded the simulation matrix to several different layouts of battery cells, including battery’s length direction parallel/vertical to the vehicle length direction, thin/thick battery, long/short battery, and so on. Deformation and energy dissipation of battery cells were used to gage the material damage, which is related to the risk of occurrence of internal short circuit. The results have shown that, battery layout has significant influence on collision safety against side pole impact. Between different layouts, the energy dissipation by jellyrolls varies from 59% to 191%, comparing to that of the baseline model. The transverse layout has multiple battery cells to withstand side pole impact, resulting in relatively low energy dissipation of jellyrolls. Thin battery cells are individually weak but collectively strong in battery pack, and thus helpful to disperse the impact energy to the far-field, resulting in relatively small deformation of battery cells near impact zone.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
CHEN, P., Xia, Y., and Zhou, Q., "Safety Comparison of Geometric Configurations of Electric Vehicle Battery under Side Pole Impact," SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-0265, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0265.Also In
References
- Du , J. , Ouyang , M. , and Chen , J. Prospects for Chinese Electric Vehicle Technologies in 2016-2020: Ambition and Rationality Energy 120 2017 584 596 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.114
- International Energy Agency Global Electric Vehicle Outlook 2017 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 2018
- Chen , P. , Yunlong , Q. , Wang , L. et al. Impact Test Methods in Front and Side Direction for Battery Pack of Electric Vehicle The 24th Conference of Automotive Safety Technology 2021
- Feng , X. , Ouyang , M. , Liu , X. , Languang , L. et al. Thermal Runaway Mechanism of Lithium Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles: A Review Energy Storage Materials 10 2018 246 267 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2017.05.013
- Kisters , T. , Sahraei , E. , and Wierzbicki , T. Dynamic Impact Tests on Lithium-Ion Cells International Journal of Impact Engineering 108 2017 205 216 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.04.025
- Lamb , J. , Orendorff , C.J. , Steele , L.A.M. , and Spangler , S.W. Failure Propagation in Multi-Cell Lithium Ion Batteries Journal of Power Sources 283 2015 517 523 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.081
- Li , W. , Xia , Y. , Chen , G.H. , and Sahraei , E. Comparative Study of Mechanical-Electrical-Thermal Responses of Pouch, Cylindrical, and Prismatic Lithium-Ion Cells under Mechanical Abuse Science China Technological Sciences 61 10 2018 1472 1482 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-017-9296-0
- Feng , X. , Sun , J. , Ouyang , M. et al. Characterization of Penetration Induced Thermal Runaway Propagation Process within a Large Format Lithium Ion Battery Module Journal of Power Sources 275 2015 261 273 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.017
- Luo , H. , Xia , Y. , and Zhou , Q. Mechanical Damage in a Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell under Indentation Loads Journal of Power Sources 357 2017 61 70 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.04.101
- Zhang , S. , Zhou , Q. , and Xia , Y. Influence of Mass Distribution of Battery and Occupant on Crash Response of Small Lightweight Electric Vehicle SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0575 2015 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0575
- Chen , P. , Xia , Y. , Zhou , Q. et al. 2021
- Zhu , L. , Ge , Y. , Wang , L. , Zhang , L. et al. Mechanical Anisotropy and Strain-Rate Dependency of a Large Format Lithium-Ion Battery Cell: Experiments and Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-0755 2021 https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0755
- Johnson Matthey Battery Systems Our Guide to Batteries 3rd Rooksley 2017
- Chen , P. , Xia , Y. , Zhou , Q. et al. Damage Assessment Method of Battery Pack of Electric Vehicle in Undercarriage Collision Virtual Conference, ASME IMECE 2021
- Xing , B. , Xiao , F. , Korogi , Y. , Ishimaru , T. et al. Direction-Dependent Mechanical-Electrical-Thermal Responses of Large-Format Prismatic Li-Ion Battery under Mechanical Abuse Journal of Energy Storage 43 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103270
- Pan , Z. , Li , W. , and Xia , Y. Experiments and 3d Detailed Modeling for a Pouch Battery Cell under Impact Loading Journal of Energy Storage 27 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.101016
- Zhu , J. , Wierzbicki , T. , and Li , W. A Review of Safety-Focused Mechanical Modeling of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries Journal of Power Sources 378 2018 153 168 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.12.034
- Saw , L.H. , Ye , Y. , and Tay , A.A.O. Integration Issues of Lithium-Ion Battery into Electric Vehicles Battery Pack Journal of Cleaner Production 113 2016 1032 1045 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.011
- Chen , G. , Li , W. , Luo , H. et al. Influence of Mechanical Interaction between Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells in a Simplified Battery Module under Impact Loading ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition 2017
- Löbberding , H. , Wessel , S. , Offermanns , C. et al. From Cell to Battery System in BEVs: Analysis of System Packing Efficiency and Cell Types World Electric Vehicle Journal 11 2020 77 https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj11040077
- Xiao , F. , Xing , B. , and Xia , Y. Mechanical Response of Laterally-Constrained Prismatic Battery Cells under Local Loading SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0200 2020 https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0200
- Li , W. , Xia , Y. , Zhu , J. , and Luo , H. State-of-Charge Dependence of Mechanical Response of Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Result of Internal Stress Journal of The Electrochemical Society 165 7 2018 A1537 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0051809jes
- Xia , Y. , Wierzbicki , T. , Sahraei , E. , and Zhang , X. Damage of Cells and Battery Packs due to Ground Impact Journal of Power Sources 267 2014 78 97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.078
- Pan , Z. , Zhu , J. , Hongyi , X. , Sedlatschek , T. et al. Microstructural Deformation Patterns of a Highly Orthotropic Polypropylene Separator of Lithium-Ion Batteries: Mechanism, Model, and Theory Extreme Mechanics Letters 37 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2020.100705
- Gupta , P.K. , Iqbal , M.A. , and Mohammad , Z. Energy Dissipation in Plastic Deformation of Thin Aluminum Targets Subjected to Projectile Impact International Journal of Impact Engineering 110 2017 85 96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.05.008