This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Laminar Flame Speed Based Optimization of Efficiency and Emissions for Methane-Hydrogen Fueled SI Micro-Generators
Technical Paper
2021-24-0047
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Within the context of environmental impact reduction for small size spark ignition (SI) engines, especially green-house gas emissions, this study looked at laminar flame speed as an optimization parameter for hydrogen-methane fueled micro-generators. To this aim, SI engine operation was modeled in a 0D/1D simulation framework, so as to identify the best choice of methane-hydrogen ratios in different conditions. Starting from experimental data recorded on a small size engine, an optimization method was implemented for achieving the proposed goal. One of the main conclusions is that high concentrations of hydrogen and resulting fast burn rates are beneficial at high engine speed settings, while the opposite is true at low engine speed. Hydrogen addition was also considered as an additional control margin during lean operation, given that stable combustion can be achieved even with very low equivalence ratios. This aspect was closely correlated to limits imposed by non-road emission standards.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Irimescu, A., Di Iorio, S., and Sementa, P., "Laminar Flame Speed Based Optimization of Efficiency and Emissions for Methane-Hydrogen Fueled SI Micro-Generators," SAE Technical Paper 2021-24-0047, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-24-0047.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 |
Also In
References
- Leach , F. , Kalghatgi , G. , Stone , R. , and Miles , P. The Scope for Improving the Efficiency and Environmental Impact of Internal Combustion Engines Transportation Eng. 1 2020 100005 10.1016/j.treng.2020.100005
- Malaquias , A.C.T. , Netto , N.A.D. , Filho , F.A.R. , Langeani , M. et al. The Misleading Total Replacement of Internal Combustion Engines by Electric Motors and a Study of the Brazilian Ethanol Importance for the Sustainable Future of Mobility: A Review J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 41 2019 567 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-2076-1
- Verhelst , S. and Wallner , T. Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines Progress Energ. Combust. Sci. 35 6 490 527 10.1016/j.pecs.2009.08.001
- February 2021
- Kosmadakis , G.M. , Rakopoulos , D.C. , and Rakopoulos , C.D. Assessing the Cyclic-Variability of Spark-Ignition Engine Running on Methane-Hydrogen Blends with High Hydrogen Contents of up to 50% Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 46 34 2021 17955 17968 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.158
- Park , H. , Lee , J. , Jamsran , N. , Oh , S. et al. Comparative Assessment of Stoichiometric and Lean Combustion Modes in Boosted Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Syngas Energ. Convers. Manage. 239 2021 114224 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114224
- Bommisetty , H. , Liu , J. , Kooragayala , R. , and Dumitrescu , C. Fuel Composition Effects in a CI Engine Converted to SI Natural Gas Operation SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1137 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1137
- Enomoto , H. and Saito , K. Effects of the Hydrogen and Methane Fractions in Biosyngas on the Stability of a Small Reciprocated Internal Combustion Engine Energy 213 2020 118518 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118518
- Wallner , T. , Lohse-Busch , H. , Gurski , S. , Duoba , M. et al. Fuel Economy and Emissions Evaluation of BMW Hydrogen 7 Mono-Fuel Demonstration Vehicles Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 33 24 2008 7607 7618 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.08.067
- Diéguez , P.M. , Urroz , J.C. , Marcelino-Sádaba , S. , Pérez-Ezcurdia , A. et al. Experimental Study of the Performance and Emission Characteristics of an Adapted Commercial Four-Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine Running on Hydrogen-Methane Mixtures Appl. Energ. 113 2014 1068 1076 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.08.063
- Verhelst , S. , Vancoillie , J. , Naganuma , K. , De Paepe , M. et al. Setting a Best Practice for Determining the EGR Rate in Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 38 5 2013 2490 2503 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.11.138
- Aleiferis , P.G. and Rosati , M.F. Flame Chemiluminescence and OH LIF Imaging in a Hydrogen-Fuelled Spark-Ignition Engine Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 37 2 2012 1797 1812 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.10.010
- Di Iorio , S. , Sementa , P. , and Vaglieco , B.M. Analysis of Combustion of Methane and Hydrogen-Methane Blends in Small DI SI (Direct Injection Spark Ignition) Engine Using Advanced Diagnostics Energy 108 2016 99 107 10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.012
- Peñaranda , A. , Martinez Boggio , S.D. , Lacava , P.T. , Merola , S. et al. Characterization of Flame Front Propagation During Early and Late Combustion for Methane-Hydrogen Fueling of an Optically Accessible SI Engine Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 43 52 2018 23538 23557 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.10.167
- Boretti , A. , Osman , A. , and Aris , I. Direct Injection of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Water in a Novel Two Stroke Engine Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 36 16 2011 10100 10106 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.033
- Haller , J. and Link , T. Thermodynamic Concept for an Efficient Zero-Emission Combustion of Hydrogen and Oxygen in Stationary Internal Combustion Engines with High Power Density Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 42 44 2017 27374 27387 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.08.168
- Smither , B. , McFarlane , I. , Drake , T. , Ravenhill , P. et al. Engine Management System for Fuel Injection System Specifically Designed for Small Engines SAE Technical Paper 2008-32-0052 2008 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-32-0052
- Irimescu , A. , Di Iorio , S. , Merola , S.S. , Sementa , P. et al. Evaluation of Compression Ratio and Blow-by Rates for Spark Ignition Engines Based on In-Cylinder Pressure Trace Analysis Energ. Convers. Manage. 162 2018 98 108 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.02.014
- Irimescu , A. , Catapano , F. , Di Iorio , S. , Merola , S. et al. Quasi-Dimensional Simulation of Downsizing and Inverter Application for Efficient Part Load Operation of Spark Ignition Engine Driven Micro-Cogeneration Systems SAE Technical Paper 2018-32-0061 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-32-0061
- Gamma Technologies 2013
- Di Maio , D. , Beatrice , C. , Fraioli , V. , Napolitano , P. et al. Modeling of Three-Way Catalyst Dynamics for a Compressed Natural Gas Engine during Lean-Rich Transitions Appl. Sci. 9 2019 4610 10.3390/app9214610
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals New York McGraw Hill 1988
- Kim , J. , Myung , C.L. , and Lee , K.H. Exhaust Emissions and Conversion Efficiency Of Catalytic Converter for an Ethanol-Fueled Spark Ignition Engine Biofuel Bioproducts Biorefining 13 5 2019 1211 1223 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2007
- Forero , J.D. , Ochoa , G.V. , and Alvarado , W.P. Study of the Piston Secondary Movement on the Tribological Performance of a Single Cylinder Low-Displacement Diesel Engine Lubricants 8 11 2020 97 10.3390/lubricants8110097
- Willn , J.E. Characterisation of Cylinder Bore Surface Finish - A Review of Profile Analysis Wear 19 2 1972 143 162 10.1016/0043-1648(72)90301-8
- Jocsak , J. , Li , Y. , Tian , T. , and Wong , V. Modeling and Optimizing Honing Texture for Reduced Friction in Internal Combustion Engines SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0647 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0647
- Gefors , H. 2020
- Ouimette , P. and Seers , P. Numerical Comparison of Premixed Laminar Flame Velocity of Methane and Wood Syngas Fuel 88 2009 528 533 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.10.008
- Gerke , U. , Steurs , K. , Rebecchi , P. , and Boulouchos , K. Derivation of Burning Velocities of Premixed Hydrogen/Air Flames at Engine-Relevant Conditions Using a Single-Cylinder Compression Machine with Optical Access Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 35 2010 2566 2577 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.12.064
- Kosmadakis , G.M. , Rakopoulos , D.C. , and Rakopoulos , C.D. Methane/Hydrogen Fueling a Spark-Ignition Engine for Studying NO, CO and HC Emissions with a Research CFD Code Fuel 185 2016 903 915 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.08.040
- Verhelst , S. , Woolley , R. , Lawes , M. , and Sierens , R. Laminar and Unstable Burning Velocities and Markstein Lengths of Hydrogen-Air Mixtures at Engine-Like Conditions Proc. Combust. Inst. 30 1 2005 209 216 10.1016/j.proci.2004.07.042
- Verhelst , S. 2005
- Kobayashi , T. , Iijima , S. , and Kosei , K. Development of Variable Cooling System Aimed at Fuel Economy Improvement of Air-cooled Engine for Scooters Honda R&D Technical Review 30 01 1 2018
- Nain , A. Optimizing Cooling Fan Power Consumption for Improving Diesel Engine Fuel Efficiency Using CFD Technique SAE Int. J. Engines 12 4 2019 359 372 10.4271/03-12-04-0024
- Wu , F. , Kelley , A.P. , Tang , C. , Zhu , D. et al. Measurement and Correlation of Laminar Flame Speeds of CO and C2 Hydrocarbons with Hydrogen Addition at Atmospheric and Elevated Pressures Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 36 2011 13171 13180 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.07.021
- Krejci , M.C. , Mathieu , O. , Vissotski , A.J. , Ravi , S. et al. Laminar Flame Speed and Ignition Delay Time Data for the Kinetic Modeling of Hydrogen and Syngas Fuel Blends J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 135 2 021503 2013 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4007737
- Verma , S. , Das , L.M. Spark Advance Modeling of Hydrogen-Fueled Spark Ignition Engines Using Combustion Descriptors J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 140 8 081501 2018 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038798
- Irimescu , A. Study of Volumetric Efficiency for Spark Ignition Engines Using Alternative Fuels Analele Univ. Eftimie Murgu Resita Fasc. Ing. 17 2 2010 149 154
- Shudo , T. , Nabetani , S. , and Nakajima , Y. Analysis of the Degree of Constant Volume and Cooling Loss in a Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Hydrogen Int. J. Engine Res. 2 1 2001 81 92 10.1243/1468087011545361
- Demuynck , J. , Chana , K. , De Paepe , M. , and Verhelst , S. Evaluation of a Flow-Field-Based Heat Transfer Model for Premixed Spark-Ignition Engines on Hydrogen SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0225 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0225
- Matthews , R. , Sarwar , M. , Hall , M. , Filipe , D. et al. Predictions of Cyclic Variability in an SI Engine and Comparisons with Experimental Data SAE Technical Paper 912345 1991 https://doi.org/10.4271/912345
- Johansson , B. Cycle to Cycle Variations in S.I. Engines - The Effects of Fluid Flow and Gas Composition in the Vicinity of the Spark Plug on Early Combustion SAE Technical Paper 962084 1996 https://doi.org/10.4271/962084
- Li , C. , Duan , Q. , Maroteaux , F. , and Murat , M. Time-Resolved Measurement of Fuel Transient Behaviour and Cycle to Cycle Variation of Local Fuel/Air Equivalence Ratio in Gasoline Engines SAE Technical Paper 940989 1994 https://doi.org/10.4271/940989
- Demuynck , J. , De Paepe , M. , Verhaert , I. , and Verhelst , S. Heat Loss Comparison Between Hydrogen, Methane, Gasoline and Methanol in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Energ. Proc. 29 2012 138 146 10.1016/j.egypro.2012.09.018
- Broekaert , S. , Demuynck , J. , De Cuyper , T. , De Paepe , M. et al. Heat Transfer in Premixed Spark Ignition Engines Part I: Identification of the Factors Influencing Heat Transfer Energy 116 2016 380 391 10.1016/j.energy.2016.08.065
- De Cuyper , T. , Demuynck , J. , Broekaert , S. , De Paepe , M. et al. Heat Transfer in Premixed Spark Ignition Engines Part Ii: Systematic Analysis of the Heat Transfer Phenomena Energy 116 2016 851 860 10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.032
- Irimescu , A. , Merola , S.S. , Tornatore , C. , and Valentino , G. Development of a Semi-Empirical Convective Heat Transfer Correlation Based on Thermodynamic and Optical Measurements in a Spark Ignition Engine Appl. Energ. 157 2015 777 788 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.050
- Sáinz , D. , Diéguez , P.M. , Urroz , J.C. , Sopena , C. et al. Conversion of a Gasoline Engine-Generator Set to a Bi-Fuel (Hydrogen/Gasoline) Electronic Fuel-Injected Power Unit Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 36 21 2011 13781 13792 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.07.114