This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Investigations on the Deposition Behaviour of Brake Wear Particles on the Wheel Surface
Technical Paper
2021-01-1301
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The deposition behavior of brake wear particles on the surface of a wheel and the mechanisms on it have not been fully understood. In addition, the proportion of brake wear particles deposited on the wheel surface compared to the total emitted particles is almost unknown. This information is necessary to evaluate the number- and mass-related emission factors measured on the inertia dynamometer and to compare them with on-road and vehicle-related emission behaviour.
The aim of this study is to clarify the deposition behavior of brake particles on the wheel surface. First, the real deposition behaviour is determined in on-road tests. For particle sampling, collection pads are adapted at different positions of a front and rear axle wheel. In addition to a Real Driving Emissions (RDE)-compliant test cycle, tests are performed in urban, rural and motorway sections to evaluate speed-dependent influences. Microscopic analysis is used to determine the particle number concentration and particle size distribution of the samples. Another focus is the analysis of particle deposition behaviour on the wheel surface along inertial dynamometer tests with Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO)-brake pads. For this purpose, a special setup is used which allows the simulation of realistic flow conditions. In addition to simulating the RDE-compliant test cycle, the novel Worldwide harmonized Light-Duty vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)-brake cycle is used to ensure real world driving and braking conditions. Finally, simulative investigations on the basis of a transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model allow the particle motion to be evaluated under consideration of geometry and flow conditions. By implementing a physical deposition model, it is possible to quantify particle deposition as a function of particle size and material properties. The investigations have shown that < 15 % of the total wear mass deposits on the surface of the wheel. In addition, a correlation with the driving speed could be demonstrated. The highest relative proportions could be determined in the urban and motorway sections, the lowest in the city section. In addition, a clear correlation could be established between pad composition, particle size and deposition position.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Hesse, D., Hamatschek, C., Feißel, T., Sachse, H. et al., "Investigations on the Deposition Behaviour of Brake Wear Particles on the Wheel Surface," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-1301, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-1301.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 5 |
Also In
References
- Pope , C.A.I. and Dockery , D.W. Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 56 2006 709 742 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485
- Pope , C.A. 3rd , Burnett , R.T. , Thun , M.J. , Calle , E.E. et al. Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution J. Am. Med. Assoc. 287 2002 1132 1141 10.1001/jama.287.9.1132
- Oberdörster , G. , Maynard , A. , Donaldson , K. , Castranova , V. et al. Principles for Characterizing the Potential Human Health Effects from Exposure to Nanomaterials: Elements of a Screening Strategy Part. Fibre Toxicol. 2 2005 8 10.1186/1743-8977-2-8
- Pant , P. and Harrison , R.M. Estimation of the Contribution of Road Traffic Emissions to Particulate Matter Concentrations from Field Measurements: A Review Atmospheric Environ. 77 2013 78 97 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.028
- Thorpe , A. and Harrison , R.M. Sources and Properties of Non-Exhaust Particulate Matter from Road Traffic: A Review Sci. Total. Environ. 400 2008 270 282 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.007
- Harrison , R.M. , Jones , A.M. , Gietl , J. , Yin , J. et al. Estimation of the Contributions of Brake Dust, Tire Wear, and Resuspension to Nonexhaust Traffic Particles Derived from Atmospheric Measurements Environ. Sci. Technol. 46 2012 6523 6529 10.1021/es300894r
- Kukutschová , J. , Moravec , P. , Tomášek , V. , Matějka , V. et al. On Airborne Nano/Micro-Sized Wear Particles Released from Low-Metallic Automotive Brakes Environ. Pollut. 159 2011 998 1006 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.036
- Kumar , P. , Pirjola , L. , Ketzel , M. , and Harrison , R.M. Nanoparticle Emissions from 11 Non-Vehicle Exhaust Sources—A Review Atmospheric Environ. 67 2013 252 277 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.011
- Wik , A. and Dave , G. Occurrence and Effects of Tire Wear Particles in the Environment—A Critical Review and An Initial Risk Assessment Environ. Pollut. 157 2009 1 11 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.028
- Hicks , W. , Beevers , S. , Tremper , A. , Stewart , G. et al. Quantification of Non-Exhaust Particulate Matter Traffic Emissions and the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown at London Marylebone Road Atmosphere 12 2021 190 10.3390/atmos12020190
- Charron , A. , Polo-Rehn , L. , Besombes , J.-L. , Golly , B. et al. Identification and Quantification of Particulate Tracers of Exhaust and Non-Exhaust Vehicle Emissions Atmospheric Chem. Phys. Discuss. 19 2019 5187 5207 10.5194/acp-19-5187-2019
- Mathissen , M. , Grochowicz , J. , Schmidt , C. , Vogt , R. et al. A Novel Real-World Braking Cycle for Studying Brake Wear Particle Emissions Wear 414-415 2018 219 226 10.1016/j.wear.2018.07.020
- Grigoratos , T. and Martini , G. Workshop on Brake Emissions - Towards a Regulation on Brake Wear Emissions 82nd UNECE GRPE Session, Virtual Meeting at 2021-01-13 Brussels 2021
- Gaylard , A. and Duncan , B. Simulation of Rear Glass and Body Side Vehicle Soiling by Road Sprays SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 4 1 2011 184 196 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0173
- Gaylard , A.-P. , Lync , D. , Amodeo J. and Amunugama , R. The Simulation of Brake Dust Deposition 8th MIRA Int. Conference on Vehicle Aerodynamics 13-14 October 2010 271 287 Nuneato
- von der Weiden , S.-L. , Drewnick , F. , and Borrmann , S. Particle Loss Calculator - a New Software Tool for the Assessment of the Performance of Aerosol Inlet Systems Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2 479 494 10.5194/amt-2-479-2009
- Hiller , R.
- Lagaly , G. Zimehl , R. Dispersionen und Emulsionen. Einführung in die Kolloidik feinverteilter Stoffe einschließlich der Tonminerale Darmstadt Steinkopff-Verlag 1997 10.1007/978-3-642-59248-5
- Israelachvili , J.N. Intermolecular and Surface Forces London Academic Press 2011 978-0-12375-182-9
- Hesse , D. and Augsburg , K. Real Driving Emissions Measurement of Brake Dust Particles SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-2138 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-2138
- Gramstat , S. 2014
- Mamakos , A. , Arndt , M. , Hesse , D. , and Augsburg , K. Physical Characterization of Brake-Wear Particles in a PM10 Dilution Tunnel Atmosphere 10 11 2019 639 10.3390/atmos10110639