This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Development of a Modeling Approach to Numerically Predict Filtration Efficiencies of Brake Dust Particle Filters
Technical Paper
2021-01-1285
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
According to the European Environment Agency, air pollution is the biggest environmental health risk in Europe. Since traffic is one of the main contributors of fine dust, technical solutions are necessary to reduce the particulate emission footprint of vehicles. Also, the Health Effects Institute hosted recently an international workshop on non-tailpipe emissions. Brake dust filtration concepts have proven to be a promising solution to significantly reduce fine dust emissions from brakes directly at the source. While CFD simulations for inner-ventilated brakes have become state-of-the-art, a holistic model from particle generation and emission to particle dynamics in the vicinity of the brake is not yet available. However, a good modeling approach of particle tracks is essential to predict filtration efficiencies of brake dust particle filters. Based on current literature data and models, and independent of the turbulence model, filtration efficiencies cannot be predicted with required accuracy of <10%. Therefore, a new, reliable and quantifiable simulation model is developed. The simulation model has been implemented in ANSYS Fluent using the Discrete Particle Model. The rotation of the inner-ventilated brake disc is modeled via a Multiple Reference Frame combined with moving wall boundary conditions. Several emission locations are defined, and a subsequent parameter optimization was used to determine the parameters not accessible so far by experimental means. For validation, experiments were conducted based on an enclosure-in-chamber setup on an inertia brake dynamometer (LINK 3900) with low background concentration (<10 #/cm^3 measured with a TSI CPC 3756). Based on the WLTC Class 3 driving cycle, four floating caliper brakes in combination with 10 different filter designs are tested to validate the model. A maximum deviation between simulation and experiments of <10% in terms of filtration efficiency was achieved.
Authors
- Florian Keller - Mann+Hummel GmbH
- Lukas Krupa - Mann+Hummel GmbH
- Andreas Beck - Mann+Hummel GmbH
- Tobias Wörz - Mann+Hummel GmbH
- Benedikt Weller - Mann+Hummel GmbH
- Kevin Kohn - Mann+Hummel GmbH
- Steffen Pfannkuch - Mann+Hummel GmbH
- Thomas Jessberger - Mann+Hummel GmbH
- Martin Lehmann - Mann+Hummel GmbH
- S Ashish - MANN AND HUMMEL FILTER PRIVATE LTD
Topic
Citation
Keller, F., Krupa, L., Beck, A., Wörz, T. et al., "Development of a Modeling Approach to Numerically Predict Filtration Efficiencies of Brake Dust Particle Filters," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-1285, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-1285.Also In
References
- Bock , L. , Kolczyk , M. , Drummond , R. , Klein , G.M. et al. The Brake Dust Particle Filter for Fine Dust Reduction presented at EuroBrake Dresden, Germany May 21-23 2019
- Gramstat , S. 2015
- Riva , G. , Valota , G. , Perricone , G. , and Wahlström , J. An FEA Approach to Simulate Disc Brake Wear and Airborne Particle Emissions Tribology International 138 2019 90 98
- Ostermeyer , G.-P. and Merlis , J.-H. Modeling the Friction Boundary Layer of an Entire Brake Pad with an Abstract Cellular Automaton Lubricants 6 44 2018
- Barigozzi , G. , Perdichizzi , A. , and Donati , M. Combined Experimental and CFD Investigation of Brake Discs Aero-thermal Performances SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars-Mech. Syst. 1 1 2009 1194 1201 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2550
- Reddy , S. , Mallikarjuna , J. , and Ganesan , V. Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis of a Ventilated Disc Brake Rotor Using CFD SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0822 2008 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0822
- Palmer , E. , Mishra , R. , Fieldhouse , J. , and Layfield , J. Analysis of Air Flow and Heat Dissipation from a High Performance GT Car Front Brake SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0820 2008 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0820
- Yigit , S. , Penther , P. , Wuchatsch , J. , and Werner , F. A Monolithic Approach to Simulate the Cooling Behavior of Disk Brakes SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 6 3 2013 1430 1437 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2046
- More , A.V. and Sivakumar , R. CFD Analysis of Automotive Ventilated Disc Brake Rotor Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications 4 4 2014 1 5
- Vdovin , A. , Gustafsson , M. , and Sebben , S. A Coupled Approach for Vehicle Brake Cooling Performance Simulations International Journal of Thermal Sciences 132 2018 257 266
- Gaylard , A.P. , Lynch , D. , Amodeo , J. , and Amunugama , R. The Simulation of Brake Dust Deposition presented at 8th MIRA international conference on vehicle aerodynamics 271 287 October, 2010
- Augsburg , K. , Hesse , D. , Feißel , T. , and Wenzel , F. Real Driving Emissions Measurement of Brake Dust Particles presented at 9th International Munich Chassis Symposium 663 674 2018
- Augsburg , K. , Hesse , D. , Feißel , T. , Wenzel , F. , et al. CFD Based Analysis of Particle-Air Interaction within a Sampling Device for Brake Dust Emissions presented at EuroBrake 2018 The Hague, Netherlands May 22-24 2018
- Hesse , D. 2020
- Lehmann , M.J. , Beck , A. , Kohn , K. , Pfannkuch , S. et al. Enclosure-in-Chamber Setup to Achieve Near-Zero Background Concentrations for Brake Emissions Testing SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-1634 2020 https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1634