This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Effect of Injection Parameters on the Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Combustion in a Small-Bore Light Duty Diesel Engine - A CFD Study
Technical Paper
2021-01-1174
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Premixed charged compression ignition (PCCI) is a promising low temperature combustion strategy for achieving a simultaneous reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions in diesel engines. However, early direct injection results in a significant penalty in fuel economy, high unburned hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, especially in small-bore diesel engines. In the present work, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) investigations are carried out in a small-bore diesel engine using a commercial CFD software, CONVERGE. The computational models are validated with experimental results at two different load conditions, 20% and 40% of rated load. The validated models are used to carry out parametric investigations on the effects of fuel injection parameters, namely the start of fuel injection timing, injection pressure, and spray cone angle on PCCI combustion. The fuel-air equivalence ratio, temperature, and emission contours are used to get more insight into the effect of fuel injection parameters on the combustion process to reduce the spray wall wetting and the high HC and CO emissions. The results obtained show reduced NOx and soot emissions with advanced injection timings from 20 deg to 50 deg. CA bTDC with a penalty on the HC and CO emissions and the indicated thermal efficiency. Increasing injection pressure from 300 to 900 bar resulted in higher HC and CO emissions at both loads due to increased spray wall impingement. A narrow spray cone angle of 88 deg. results in a significant reduction in the HC and CO emissions by up to 77% and 80%, respectively, compared to a wider cone angle of 148 deg. at low load condition. At high load, using a narrow spray angle resulted in an increase in the CO and soot emissions with only a minor reduction in HC emissions due to poor air utilization in the current small-bore engine.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Pradeep, V. and Krishnasamy, A., "Effect of Injection Parameters on the Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Combustion in a Small-Bore Light Duty Diesel Engine - A CFD Study," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-1174, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-1174.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals New York McGraw-Hill 2000
- Akihama , K. , Takatori , Y. , Inagaki , K. , Sasaki , S. et al. Mechanism of the Smokeless Rich Diesel Combustion by Reducing Temperature SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0655 2001 https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-0655
- Hasegawa , R. and Yanagihara , H. HCCI Combustion in DI Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0745 2003 https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-0745
- Hardy , W. and Reitz , R. A Study of the Effects of High EGR, High Equivalence Ratio, and Mixing Time on Emissions Levels in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine for PCCI Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0026 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0026
- Kokjohn , S.L. and Reitz , R.D. Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition and Conventional Diesel Combustion: A Comparison of Methods to Meet Light-Duty NO x and Fuel Economy Targets International Journal of Engine Research 14 5 2013 452 468
- Kimura , S. , Aoki , O. , Ogawa , H. , Muranaka , S. et al. New Combustion Concept for Ultra-Clean and High-Efficiency Small DI Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-3681 1999 https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3681
- M , M. and Krishnasamy , A. A Comparison of Different Low Temperature Combustion Strategies in a Small Single Cylinder Diesel Engine under Low Load Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-2363 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-2363
- Wissink , M.L. , Lim , J.H. , Splitter , D.A. , Hanson , R.M. et al. Investigation of Injection Strategies to Improve High Efficiency RCCI Combustion with Diesel and Gasoline Direct Injection Proceedings of ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, ICEF2012-92107 Vancouver, Canada September 23-26
- Pandian , M.M. and Anand , K. Experimental Optimization of Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion in a Light Duty Diesel Engine Applied Thermal Engineering 138 2018 48 61
- Kanda , T. , Hakozaki , T. , Uchimoto , T. , Hatano , J. et al. PCCI Operation with Early Injection of Conventional Diesel Fuel SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0378 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0378
- Cheng , X.-B. , Hu , Y.-Y. , Yan , F.-Q. , Liang , C. et al. Investigation of the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Partially Premixed Compression Ignition in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Proc ImechE Part D: J Automobile Engineering 2014 1 15 10.1177/0954407013513012
- Juttu , S. , Mishra , P. , Thipse , S. , Marathe , N. et al. Combined PCCI-DI Combustion to Meet EURO-IV Norms on LCV Engine - Experimental and Visulisation Study SAE Technical Paper 2011-26-0031 2011 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-26-0031
- Pradeep , V. and Krishnasamy , A. Parametric Investigations on Premixed Charged Compression Ignition in a Small-Bore Light Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2020-32-2300 2020 https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-32-2300
- Kiplimo , R. , Tomita , E. , Kawahara , N. , and Yokobe , S. Effects of Spray Impingement, Injection Parameters, and EGR on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a PCCI Diesel Engine Appl Therm Eng 37 2012 165 175
- Boot , M. , Luijten , C. , Rijk , E. , Albrecht , B. et al. Optimization of Operating Conditions in the Early Direct Injection Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Regime SAE Technical Paper 2009-24-0048 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-24-0048
- Catania , A. , d’Ambrosio , S. , Finesso , R. , and Spessa , E. Effects of Rail Pressure, Pilot Scheduling and EGR Rate on Combustion and Emissions in Conventional and PCCI Diesel Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 3 1 2010 773 787 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-1109
- Beatrice , C. , Giacomo , N. , and Guido , C. Benefits and Drawbacks of Compression Ratio Reduction in PCCI Combustion Application in an Advanced LD Diesel Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 2 1 2009 1290 1303 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1447
- Boot , M. , Luijten , C. , Somers , L. , Eguz , U. et al. Uncooled EGR as a Means of Limiting Wall-Wetting under Early Direct Injection Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0665 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0665
- Walter , B. and Gatellier , B. Development of the High Power NADI™ Concept Using Dual Mode Diesel Combustion to Achieve Zero NOx and Particulate Emissions SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1744 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1744
- Kim , H. , Reitz , R. , and Kong , S. Modeling Combustion and Emissions of HSDI Diesel Engines Using Injectors with Different Included Spray Angles SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1150 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-1150
- Mobasheri , R. Influence of Narrow Fuel Spray Angle and Split Injection Strategies on Combustion Efficiency and Engine Performance in a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 9 1 2017 71 81
- Vanegas , A. , Won , H. , and Peters , N. Influence of the Nozzle Spray Angle on Pollutant Formation and Combustion Efficiency for a PCCI Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1445 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1445
- Yoon , S.H. , Kim , H.J. , Park , S. Study on Optimal Combustion Strategy to Improve Combustion Performance in a Single-Cylinder PCCI Diesel Engine with different Combustion Chamber Geometry Applied Thermal Engineering 144 2018 1081 1090 1359-4311 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.09.003
- Shi , H. , Tang , Q. , An , Y. , Raman , V. , Sim , J. et al. Study of Spray/Wall Interaction in Transition Zones from HCCI via PPC to CI Combustion Modes Fuel 268 2020 117341 0016-2361 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117341
- Boldaji , M.R. , Gainey , B. , O'Donnell , P. , Gohn , J. et al. Investigating the Effect of Spray Included Angle on Thermally Stratified Compression Ignition with Wet Ethanol Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Applied Thermal Engineering 170 2020 114964 1359-4311 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.114964
- Pandian , M.M. and Anand , K. Comparison of Different Low Temperature Combustion Strategies in a Light Duty Air Cooled Diesel Engine Applied Thermal Engineering 142 2018 380 390
- Nordin , N. 1998
- Senecal , P. , Pomraning , E. , Richards , K. , Briggs , T. et al. Multi-Dimensional Modeling of Direct-Injection Diesel Spray Liquid Length and Flame Lift-off Length using CFD and Parallel Detailed Chemistry SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1043 2003 https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1043
- Han , Z. and Reitz , R.D. Turbulence Modeling of Internal Combustion Engines using RNG k-E Models Combust Sci Technol 106 4-6 1995 267 295
- Hiroyasu , H. and Kadota , T. Models for Combustion and Formation of Nitric Oxide and Soot in Direct Injection Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 760129 1976 https://doi.org/10.4271/760129
- Reitz , R. and Diwakar , R. Structure of High-Pressure Fuel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 870598 1987 https://doi.org/10.4271/870598
- Schmidt , D.P. and Rutland , C.J. A New Droplet Collision Algorithm J Comput Phys 164 1 2000 62 80
- Post , S.L. and Abraham , J. Modeling the Outcome of Drop- Drop Collisions in Diesel Sprays Int J Multi Flow 28 6 2002 997 1019
- Richards , K.J. , Senecal , P.K. , and Pomraning , E. 2017
- Amsden , A.A. , O’Rourke , P.J. , and Butler , T.D. 1989
- O'Rourke , P. and Amsden , A. A Spray/Wall Interaction Submodel for the KIVA-3 Wall Film Model SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0271 2000 https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0271
- Froessling , N.
- Senecal , P. , Richards , K. , Pomraning , E. , Yang , T. et al. A New Parallel Cut-Cell Cartesian CFD Code for Rapid Grid Generation Applied to In-Cylinder Diesel Engine Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0159 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0159