This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Simulation Driven Design of HVAC Systems under Competing HVAC Noise and Defrost Performance Requirements
Technical Paper
2021-01-1020
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
It is particularly easy to get tunnel vision as a domain expert, and focus only on the improvements one could provide in their area of expertise. To make matters worse, many Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are silo-ed by domain of expertise, unconsciously promoting this single mindedness in design. Unfortunately, the successful and profitable development of a vehicle is dependent on the delicate balance of performance across many domains, involving multiple physics and departments.
Taking for instance the design of a Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, the device’s primary function is to control the climate system in vehicle cabins, and more importantly to make sure that critical areas on the windshield can be defrosted in cold weather conditions within regulation time. With the advent of electric and autonomous vehicles, further importance is now also placed on the energy efficiency of the HVAC, and its noise.
During the development of the defrost mode of an HVAC, the first priority is to satisfy the certification tests for defrost performance, verifying the vehicle’s safety. Since no realistic prototype of the vehicle interior can be built in early stages, this can lead to an increased mass flow rate through the HVAC defrost registers, and consequently increased noise levels from the HVAC. Furthermore, the complexity of the windshield and defroster topography is not considered in detail at the early design stage, resulting in dead zones and hindering visibility. Limited testing focusing mainly on passing defrost regulations leads to more defrost noise, and complaints from consumers.
In this paper, we will present a novel Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to digitally design quiet HVAC systems through virtual defrost performance certification with reduced development time. Using this method, we will show that simulation can be used to drive early stage optimization of both defrost performance and noise in a CAD based parametric optimization.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Nagarajan, V., Biermann, J., Goldberg, J., Motiwala, H. et al., "Simulation Driven Design of HVAC Systems under Competing HVAC Noise and Defrost Performance Requirements," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-1020, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-1020.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Eberhard , M. 2006, July The 21 st Century Electric Car Tesla Motors
- LeBeau , P. It’s Electric: Experts Split on the Future of EVs CNBC 2014 August
- Henry , H. History of Electric Vehicles Stanford University 2016, December
- Power , J.D. 2021, January
- Leard , B. and McConnell , V. 2020 December
- Nemesh , M. , Martinchick , M. , and Ibri , S. Cabin Heating and Windshield Defrosting for Extended Range Electric, Pure Electric & Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles SAE Int. J. Alt. Power 1 1 2012 2012 12 18
- Nagarajan , V. , Chang , C.-W. , Bhambare , K. , Mann , A. et al. Digital Automotive AC Pulldown Prediction in a Real Driving Condition SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-5090 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-5090
- Ono , T. , Nagano , H. , Shiratori , S. , Shimano , K. et al. Analysis of Defogging Performance, Thermal Comfort, and Energy Saving for HVAC System Optimization in Passenger Vehicles E3S Web of Conferences 111, 01033. CLIMA 2019 2019
- Lajunen , A. Energy Efficiency and Performance of Cabin Thermal Management in Electric Vehicles SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0192 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0192
- Paul , W. Studies Seek to Reduce Range Impact of EV Cabin Conditioning SAE. Org 2018-05-14
- Luzzato , C. , Biermann , J. , and Raphael , F. The Aero-Acoustic Design and Optimization of a Ground Transportation HVAC System using Lattice Boltzmann Methods NAFEMS World Congress 2019
- Bechara , W. , Bailly , C. , Lafon , P. , and Candel , S.M. Stochastic Approach to Noise Modeling for Free Turbulent Flows AIAA Journal 32 3 1994, March 455 463
- Chen , R. , Wu , Y. , and Xia , J. Airframe Noise Prediction Using The SNGR Method International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 19 2012, January 133 138
- Kaltenbacher , M. , Escobar , M. , Becker , S. , and Ali , I. Computational Aeroacoustics based on Lighthill’s Acoustic Analogy Marburg , S. and Nolte , B. Computational Acoustics of Noise Propagation in Fluids - Finite and Boundary Element Methods Berlin, Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2008 115 142
- Morfey , C. and Wright , M. Extensions of Lighthill’s Acoustic Analogy with Application to Computational Aeroacoustics Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463 2085 2007, September 2101 2127
- Martinez-Lera , P. , Hallez , R. , Beriot , H. , and Schram , C. Computation of Sound in a Simplified HVAC Duct Based on Aerodynamic Pressure 18th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics, Conference 2012 https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2070
- Kierkegaard , A. , West , A. , and Caro , S. HVAC Noise Simulations Using Direct and Hybrid Methods 22nd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference 2016 https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-2855
- Shan , X. and Chen , H. A General Multiple-Relaxation-Time Boltzmann Collision Model International Journal of Modern Physics C 18 635 2007
- Chen , H. , Goldhirsh , I. and Orszag , S. Discrete Rotational Symmetry, Moment Isotropy, and Higher Order Lattice Boltzmann Models J. Sci. Computing August. 2007
- Bhatnagar , P. , Gross , E. and Krook , M. 1954 A Model for Collision Processes in Gases. I. Small Amplitude Processes in Charged and Neutral One-Component System Pys. Rev. 94 511 525
- Chapman , S. and Cowling , T. The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases Cambridge University Press 1990
- Yakhot , V. Extended Boltzmann Kinetic Equation for Turbulent Flows Science 301 633 636 2003
- Shan , X. and Chen , H. 1993 Lattice Boltzmann Model for Simulating Flows with Multiple Phases and Components Phys. Rev. E 47 1815 1819
- Li , Y. , Shock , R. , Zhang , R. , and Chen , H. 2004 Numerical Study of Flow Past an Impulsively Started Cylinder by Lattice Boltzmann Method J. Fluid Mech. 519 273 300
- Lee , D. , Perot , F. , Ih , K. , and Freed , D. Prediction of Flow-Induced Noise of Automotive HVAC Systems SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0493 2011 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0493
- Pérot , F. , Meskine , M. , Vergne , S. HVAC Noise Predictions Using a Lattice Boltzmann Method 19th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference May 2013 Berlin, Germany 2013
- Aissaoui , A. , Tupake , R. , Bijwe , V. , Meskine , M. et al. Flow-Induced Noise Optimization of SUV HVAC System using a Lattice Boltzmann Method SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 8 3 2015 1053 1062 10.4271/2015-01-2323
- Gaylard , A. CFD Simulation of Side Glass Surface Noise Spectra for a Bluff SUV SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0137 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0137
- Oettle , N. , Meskine , M. , Senthooran , S. , Bissell , A. et al. A Computational Approach to Assess Buffeting and Broadband Noise Generated by a Vehicle Sunroof SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 8 1 2015 196 204 10.4271/2015-01-1532
- Keating , A. , Dethioux , P. , Satti , R. , Noelting , S. et al. Computational Aeroacoustics Validation and Analysis of a Nose Landing Gear AIAA 2009-3154, 13th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference Miami, FL 2009
- Mann , A. , Pérot , F. , Kim , M.S. , Casalino , D. et al. Advanced Noise Control Fan Direct Aeroacoustics Predictions using a Lattice-Boltzmann Method AIAA paper 2012-2287, 16th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference Colorado Springs June 2012
- Casalino , D. , Hazir , A. , and Mann , A. Turbofan Broadband Noise Prediction using the Lattice Boltzmann Method AIAA 2016-2945, 22th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference Lyon, France 2016
- Balasubramanian , G. , Mutnuri , L. , Sugiyama , Z. , Senthooran , S. et al. A Computational Process for Early Stage Assessment of Automotive Buffeting and Wind Noise SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 6 2 2013 1231 1238 10.4271/2013-01-1929
- Biermann , J. , Mann , A. , Neuhierl , B. , and Kim , M. Digital Aeroacoustics Design Method of Climate Systems for Improved Cabin Comfort SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-1787 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1787
- Jung , W. , Cha , Y. , Song , S. , Byun , S. et al. Direct Aeroacoustics Predictions of Automotive HVAC Systems based on Lattice Boltzmann Method SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1520 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1520
- Biermann , J. , Nagarajan , V. , Motiwala , H. , Goldberg , J. et al. 3DEXPERIENCE Modeling & Simulation Conference November 17-18 2020
- Mann , A. , Pérot , F. , Meskine , M. , and Kim , M.-S. Designing Quieter HVAC Systems Coupling LBM and Flow-Induced Noise Source Identification Methods 10th FKFS-Conference, Progress in Vehicle Aerodynamics and Thermal Management 2015
- Biermann , J. , Neuhierl , B. , Mann , A. , Kim , M.-S. Acoustic Source Detection for Climate Systems Via Computational Fluid Dynamics for Improved Cabin Comfort 3rd International ATZ Conference Zurich, Switzerland 2015
- Mann , A. , Kim , M. , Pan , S. , Neuhierl , B. , et al. Towards Engine-Mounted Exhaust and Muffler Aeroacoustics Predictions Using a Lattice Boltzmann Based Method FISITA World Congress 2016, F2016-NVHG-027 2016
- Senthooran , S. , Powell , R. , Choi , E.S. , and Cyr , S. Computational Prediction of Interior Noise for Design Variations on a Simplified Vehicle Internoise 2015 2015
- Kim , M.-S. , Pérot , F. , Mann , A. , Choi , E.-S. et al. Automotive Engine Cooling Fan Noise Prediction Using a Lattice Boltzmann based Mathod FISITA World Congress 2016, F2016-NVHG-024 2016
- Perot , F. , Meskine , M. , Le Goff , V. , Vidal , V. et al. Flow-Induced Noise Predictions of Complete HVAC Systems Using a Lattice Botlzmann Method SIA Automotive and Railroad Comfort, 7th Symposium Le Mans, France September 2012
- Brès , G. , Pérot , F. , and Freed , D. Properties of the Lattice Boltzmann Method for Acoustics 15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (30th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference) Miami, Florida American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2009, May
- ISO 3468:2014
- Bhambare , K. , Han , J. , Fukuyama , J. , Masuzawa , K. et al. Numerical Simulation of Vehicle Cabin Climate Undergoing A/C Performance Test Cycle Presented at the JSAE Annual Congress on 05 2014 22
- Bhambare , K. , Zvonek , J. , Alajbegovic , A. , and Chaney , L. Cabin Cooldown Simulation for Optimal Design of HVAC Presentation at SAE 2013 Thermal Management Systems Symposium Oct. 2013
- Vidal , V. , Mann , A. , Verriere , J. , Kim , M. et al. Towards a Quiet Vehicle Cabin Through Digitalization of HVAC Systems and Subsystems Aeroacoustics Testing and Design SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-1476 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1476
- Kakade , A. , Kandekar , A. , Duppati , D. , and Luzzato , C. Simulating HVAC Noise in Vehicle Cabin with Material Absorption Modelling Symposium on International Automotive Technology (SIAT), viz. SIAT 2021, the 17th series 29th Sept - 1st Oct 2021 (under review)