This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Video Based Simulation of Daytime and Nighttime Rain Affecting Driver Visibility
Technical Paper
2021-01-0854
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
SAE WCX Digital Summit
Language:
English
Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for generating video realistic computer simulated rain, and the effect rain has on driver visibility. Rain was considered under three different rain rates, light, moderate and heavy, and in nighttime and daytime conditions. The techniques and methodologies presented in this publication rely on techniques of video tracking and projection mapping that have been previous published. Neale et al. [2004, 2016], showed how processes of video tracking can convert two-dimensional image data from video images into three-dimensional scaled computer-generated environments. Further, Neale et al. [2013,2016] demonstrated that video projection mapping, when combined with video tracking, enables the production of video realistic simulated environments, where videographic and photographic baseline footage is combined with three-dimensional computer geometry. This paper augments this existing technology through techniques and methodologies that incorporate the adverse weather condition of rain into the simulated environment. A method for simulating the effect of rain on drivers’ visibility is developed by analyzing and modeling actual video footage obtained in both dry and rain conditions, during the day and at night. Baseline, raw video footage that does not contain adverse weather is video tracked, and through projection mapping and the use of modeling that represent rain, this baseline footage is rendered to properly display the effect rain has on driver visibility. The resulting simulation is then compared to calibrated raw video that shows the same area of the roadway but recorded when the adverse weather condition was actually present. In other words, the computer-simulated effect of rain on drivers’ visibility is compared to calibrated footage of video driving on the same roadway and under actual rainy weather conditions. The paper demonstrates that through these methodologies, video realistic simulated rain can be created that accurately represent the driver’s visibility in adverse weather conditions. When comparing the simulated rain environment to the original video footage that captured baseline rainy condition, the results show that the view from the driver’s perspective are rendered the same.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Neale, W., Marr, J., Hessel, D., and Gillihan, R., "Video Based Simulation of Daytime and Nighttime Rain Affecting Driver Visibility," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-0854, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0854.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Table 1 | ||
| Table 2 |
Also In
References
- Neale , W.T.C. , Marr , J. , and Hessel , D. Nighttime Videographic Projection Mapping to Generate Photo-Realistic Simulation Environments SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0415 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0415
- Neale , W. , Marr , J. , and Hessel , D. Video Projection Mapping Photogrammetry through Video Tracking SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0788 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0788
- Ayres , T.J.
- Holohan , R.D. , Billing , A. , and Murray , S. Nighttime Photography - Show it Like It Is SAE Technical Paper 890730 1989 https://doi.org/10.4271/890730
- Ayres , T.J. , Kubose , T. Calibrating a Contrast-Sensitivity Test Chart for Validating Visual Representation Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 59th Annual Meeting 2015
- Ayres , T.J. , Kayfetz , P. Calibrating Validation of Videographic Visibility Presentations American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 67th Annual Meeting Seattle, Washington 2010
- Neale , W.T.C. , Marr , J. , and Hessel , D. Nighttime Videographic Projection Mapping to Generate Photo-Realistic Simulation Environments SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0415 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0415
- Ivey , D.L.
- Hilderbrand , E.D. , Fullarton , P.J. Effectiveness of Heavy Truck Conspicuity Treatments under Different Weather Conditions Proceedings of the Canadian Multidisciplinary Road Safety Conference X Toronto, ON June 8-11, 1997
- Costa , M. , Bonetti , L. , Bellelli , C.L. , Vignali , V. , and Simone , A. Reflective Tape Applied to Bicycle Frame and Conspicuity Enhancement at Night Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59 3 485 500 2017
- Ivey , D.L.
- Qui , L. , and Nixon , W.A. Effects of Adverse Weather on Traffic Crashes, Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2055 1 2008
- https://www.vtti.vt.edu/facilities/virginia-smart-roads.html
- Blanco , M. , Hankey , J.M. , Dingus , T.A. 2005
- Neale , W.T.C. , Marr , J. , and Hessel , D. Nighttime Videographic Projection Mapping to Generate Photo-Realistic Simulation Environments SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0415 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0415
- https://www.accuweather.com
- Meteorological Service of Canada 2013
- Neale , W. , Marr , J. , and Hessel , D. Video Projection Mapping Photogrammetry through Video Tracking SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0788 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0788
- Carter , N. , Hashemian , A. , Rose , N. , and Neale , W. Evaluation of the Accuracy of Image Based Scanning as a Basis for Photogrammetric Reconstruction of Physical Evidence SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1467 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1467
- U.S. Geological Survey 2019 https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193032 https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/basic/ https://opentopography.org/
- Neale , W. , Fenton , S. , McFadden , S. , and Rose , N. A Video Tracking Photogrammetry Technique to Survey Roadways for Accident Reconstruction SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1221 2004 https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-1221
- Neale , W. , Marr , J. , and Hessel , D. Video Projection Mapping Photogrammetry through Video Tracking SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0788 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0788
- https://www.turbosquid.com
- https://docs.arnoldrenderer.com/display/A5AF3DSUG/Skydome+Light
- Neale , W. , Marr , J. , and Hessel , D. Video Projection Mapping Photogrammetry through Video Tracking SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0788 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0788
- Bailey , Ann ; Funk , James ; Lessley , David ; Sherwood , Chris ; Crandall , Jeff ; Neale , William ; Rose , Nathan Validation of a Videogrammetry Technique for Analysing American Football Helmet Kinematics Sports Biomechanics (RSPB) 1513059 10.1080/14763141.2018.1513059
- Neale , W. , Marr , J. , and Hessel , D. Video Projection Mapping Photogrammetry through Video Tracking SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0788 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0788
- Ivey , D.L. 1975
- Gibbons , R.B. and Hankey , J.M. Enhanced Night Visibility Series, Volume IX: Phase II—Characterization of Experimental Objects Office of Safety Research and Development Federal Highway Administration 2005
- Baughan , C.J. Water Spray from Road Vehicle: Measuring the Effectiveness of Spray Reductions Vision In Vehicles-III Elseiver Science Publishers B.V. 1991
- Pharr , M. , Jakob , W. , and Humphreys , G.
- Georgiev , L. , Ize , T. , Farnsworth , M. , Montoya-Vozmediano , R. , King , A. Lommel , B. , Jimenez , A. , Anson , O. , Ogaki , S. , Johnston , E. , Herubel , A. , Russel , D. , Servant , F. , Fajardo , M. Arnold: A Brute-Force Production Path Tracer ACM Transaction on Graphics 2018
- https://www.britannica.com/science/refractive-index
- Neale , W. , Marr , J. , McKelvey , N. , and Kuzel , J. Nighttime Visibility in Moonlight Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0141 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0141
- IES Publication LM-63-1986 th 2002
- Validation of AGi32 against CIE 171:2006 Dau Design and Consulting, June 20, 2007 IES street and area Lighting Conference October 2008
- Neale , W.T.C. , and Hessel , D. Simulating Headlamp Illumination Using Photometric Light Clusters SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0110 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0110
- https://www.britannica.com/science/refractive-index
- Neale , W. , Marr , J. , and Hessel , D. Video Projection Mapping Photogrammetry through Video Tracking SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0788 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0788
- Bailey , Ann ; Funk , James ; Lessley , David ; Sherwood , Chris ; Crandall , Jeff ; Neale , William ; Rose , Nathan Validation of a Videogrammetry Technique for Analysing American Football Helmet Kinematics Sports Biomechanics (RSPB) 1513059 10.1080/14763141.2018.1513059
- Neale , W.T.C. , Marr , J. , and Hessel , D. Nighttime Videographic Projection Mapping to Generate Photo-Realistic Simulation Environments SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0415 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0415