Comparison of Two Dilution and Conditioning Systems for Particle Number Measurements along the Exhaust After-Treatment System of an HD Diesel Engine
Technical Paper
2021-01-0619
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Sector:
Event:
SAE WCX Digital Summit
Language:
English
Abstract
In heavy-duty engines, Euro VI legislation regulates the total particle number
(PN) in the exhaust based on the particle measurement program (PMP) guidelines.
By PMP directives, the exhaust sample is diluted and conditioned to contain
non-volatile particles before measuring the PN. The fraction of non-volatile and
volatile particles changes along the exhaust after-treatment system and could
affect the total PN measured. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the
performance of the dilution systems at different positions along the
after-treatment system. For this purpose, a standard PMP compliant two-stage
dilution system (DS1) with evaporation tube (ET) was compared with a close
coupled two-stage ejector dilution system (DS2). In DS2, the non-volatile PN was
measured with a dilution temperature of 350°C (same as the DS1 ET temperature)
while the volatile PN was measured with a dilution temperature of 150°C.
Experiments were carried out on a heavy-duty Euro VI engine equipped with an
after-treatment system consisting of diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), diesel
particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit (with
AdBlue injection) followed by ammonia slip catalyst. Sampling was made at four
locations along the exhaust after-treatment system while varying the exhaust
conditions namely temperature, flow rate and fuel injection pressure to vary the
total PN concentration and the fraction of nucleation and accumulation mode
particles from the engine. The total PN was measured using a condensation
particle counter (CPC) and the particle number distribution using an Engine
Exhaust Particle Sizer spectrometer (EEPS). An overall comparison shows that at
higher fractions of nucleation mode particles, before the DPF, DS1 exhibited
losses in nucleation mode particle in comparison with DS2. Whereas after the
DPF, the loss was minimal. After the SCR, the nucleation of salt particles
during excess AdBlue injection events was captured only by DS1. During motoring
operation, emitting high volatile particle concentration, DS2's capacity does
not seem to suffice to fully evaporate the volatile material as DS2 relies on
the heat capacity of hot dilution air whereas DS1 uses an externally powered
heater.
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Citation
K, A., Bernemyr, H., and Erlandsson, A., "Comparison of Two Dilution and Conditioning Systems for Particle Number Measurements along the Exhaust After-Treatment System of an HD Diesel Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-0619, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0619.Data Sets - Support Documents
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|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 |
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