This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Case Study of Diesel Catalyst Performance Sensitivity and Degradation due to Alkali Metal Poisoning from Suspicious Use of Unregulated Fuel
Technical Paper
2021-01-0614
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
SAE WCX Digital Summit
Language:
English
Abstract
Advances in diesel engine and catalyst technologies have enabled light passenger vehicles in meeting the most stringent Tier 3/LEV III emission levels and durability requirements. The advancements in diesel aftertreatment catalyst technology have made catalysts more susceptible to low levels of impurities, typically referred to as poisons. Published studies over the last two decades, have shown a significant impact on the performance of catalysts, to the presence of sulfur and other inorganics in fuels and oils. The design of an aftertreatment system (ATS) typically sets limits for lubricant and fuel quality, specific to the geographical region and availability of certain level of regulated fuels.
In this study, we investigate a real-world aged diesel vehicle which exhibited deterioration in tailpipe emissions, beyond levels targeted during engineering development. A root cause investigation measured deterioration, revealed that the catalysts were exposed to high levels of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) contamination. This causes irreversible physical and chemical damage to the catalyst and the substrate resulting in higher hydrocarbon tailpipe emissions during FTP-75.
The level of these contaminants on the catalyst, were found to be far greater than what would be expected from use of market grade diesel or biodiesel blends, that adhere to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications. Although there was no way of determining the actual source of the contaminants in this specific study, the measured cumulative level of these contaminants suggests the use of unregulated fuel, that did not adhere to industry standard processes.
This scenario creates a dilemma for the industry where there exists the possibility of the availability of unregulated fuels, which can lead to accelerated catalyst degradation causing tail pipe emissions to exceed the mandated levels.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Ahari, H., Andra, R., and Pauly, T., "Case Study of Diesel Catalyst Performance Sensitivity and Degradation due to Alkali Metal Poisoning from Suspicious Use of Unregulated Fuel," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-0614, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0614.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Elgowainy , J. , Han , J. , Ward , F. , Joseck , D. et al. 2016
- Smith , M. , Kamasamudram , K. , Szailer , T. , Kumar , A. et al. Impact of Sulfur-Oxides on the Ammonia Slip Catalyst Performance SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1545 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1545
- Kumar , A. , Li , J. , Luo , J. , Joshi , S. et al. Catalyst Sulfur Poisoning and Recovery Behaviors: Key for Designing Advanced Emission Control Systems SAE Technical Paper 2017-26-0133 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-26-0133
- https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/biodiesel_specifications.html#b100
- Montanaro , L. Durability of Ceramic Filters in the Presence of Some Diesel Soot Oxidation Additives Ceramics International 25 437 445 1999
- Choi , B. , Kang , H. , Son , G. , and Hwang , C. Thermal Aging Behavior of SiC Substrate in the Presence of Ash Materials and Alkali Metals SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1939 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1939
- Williams , A. , McCormick , R. , Luecke , J. , Brezny , R. et al. Impact of Biodiesel Impurities on the Performance and Durability of DOC, DPF and SCR Technologies SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1136 2011 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1136
- Dou , D. , and Balland , J. Impact of Alkali Metals on the Performance and Mechanical Properties of NOx Adsorber Catalysts SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0734 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0734
- Cavataio , G. , Jen , H.-W. , Dobson , D.A. , and Warner , J.R. Laboratory Study to Determine Impact of Na and K Exposure on the Durability of DOC and SCR Catalyst Formulations SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-2823 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2823
- Chozhavendhan , S. , Vijay Pradhap Singh , M. , Fransila , B. , and Praveen Kumar , R. A Review on Influencing Parameters of Biodiesel Production and Purification Processes Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 1-2 1 6 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2020.04.002
- Gebremariam , S.N. , and Marchetti , J.M. Biodiesel Production through Sulfuric Acid Catalyzed Transesterification of Acidic Oil: Techno Economic Feasibility of Different Process Alternatives Energy Conversion and Management 174 639 648 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.078
- Dubé , F.A.M.A. , and Ternan , M. Acid-Catalyzed Transesterification of Canola Oil to Biodiesel under Single- and Two-Phase Reaction Conditions Energy Fuels 21 4 2450 2459 2007