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Mechanisms of NO x Production and Heat Loss in a Dual-Fuel Hydrogen Compression Ignition Engine
Technical Paper
2021-01-0527
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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SAE WCX Digital Summit
Language:
English
Abstract
The combustion process of a homogeneous hydrogen charge in a small-bore compression ignition engine with diesel-pilot ignition was simulated using the CONVERGE computational fluid dynamics code. Analysis of the simulation results aimed to understand the processes leading to NOx production and heat loss in this combustion strategy, and their dependence on the hydrogen fuel energy fraction. Previous experimental results demonstrated promising performance, but this comes with a penalty in increased NOx emissions and potentially higher heat losses. The present study aims to enhance understanding of the mechanisms governing these phenomena. The simulated engine was initialised with a lean homogeneous hydrogen-air mixture at BDC and n-dodecane was injected as a diesel surrogate fuel near TDC. The simulations were validated based on experimental results for up to 50% hydrogen energy fraction, followed by an exploratory study with variation of the energy fraction from 0% to 90%. The addition of hydrogen increased the ignition delay and changed the combustion mode from typical diesel combustion to a premixed burn involving flame propagation. The causes of NOx emissions and heat loss trends in the simulations are investigated through an analysis of the temperature and equivalence ratio distributions in the engine. The results show that NOx production peaks at approximately 50% hydrogen, before decreasing as combustion becomes more premixed, which is shown to result in lower peak temperature. Heat loss is significant at all hydrogen energy fractions, but highest at intermediate values. Differences in the wall heat transfer are driven by the near-wall equivalence ratio, turbulence, and combustion phasing.
Authors
- Annabelle Evans - University of New South Wales
- Ye Wang - University of New South Wales
- Armin Wehrfritz - University of New South Wales
- Ales Srna - University of New South Wales
- Evatt Hawkes - University of New South Wales
- Xinyu Liu - University of New South Wales
- Sanghoon Kook - University of New South Wales
- Qing Nian Chan - University of New South Wales
Topic
Citation
Evans, A., Wang, Y., Wehrfritz, A., Srna, A. et al., "Mechanisms of NOx Production and Heat Loss in a Dual-Fuel Hydrogen Compression Ignition Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-0527, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0527.Data Sets - Support Documents
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