This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Modeling of a Methanol Fueled Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine with Reformed-Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Technical Paper
2021-01-0445
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
SAE WCX Digital Summit
Language:
English
Abstract
Methanol is a promising fuel for future spark-ignition engines. Its properties enable increased engine efficiency. Moreover, the ease with which methanol can be reformed, using waste exhaust heat, potentially offers a pathway to even higher efficiencies. The primary objective of this study was to build and validate a model for a methanol fueled direct-injection spark-ignition engine with on-board fuel reforming for future investigation and optimization. The second objective was to understand the combustion characteristics, energy losses and engine efficiency. The base engine model was developed and calibrated before adding a reformed-exhaust gas recirculation system (R-EGR). A newly developed laminar burning velocity correlation with universal dilution term was implemented into the model to predict the laminar burning velocity with the presence of hydrogen in the reforming products. At the same EGR ratio, there is a small increase in the engine efficiency with fuel reforming compared to conventional EGR. This is mainly due to the reduction of pumping work. For the R-EGR cases, around 60% of the increase in the brake efficiency is due to the reduction of pumping work. Although the increase in brake efficiency is very small, the maximum brake thermal efficiency for the R-EGR cases is higher than for the conventional EGR cases due to a significant increase in the dilution limit. With R-EGR dilution, the maximum brake thermal efficiency was found to increase by 6.9% relative to the baseline case.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Nguyen, D., Suijs, W., Sileghem, L., and Verhelst, S., "Modeling of a Methanol Fueled Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine with Reformed-Exhaust Gas Recirculation," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-0445, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0445.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 |
Also In
References
- Verhelst , S. , Turner , J.W. , Sileghem , L. , and Vancoillie , J. Methanol as a Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 70 43 88 2019
- Miles , P. 2018
- Bromberg , L. , and Cheng , W.K. Methanol As An Alternative Transportation Fuel in the US: Options for Sustainable and/or Energy-Secure Transportation Cambridge MA Sloan Automot. Lab. Massachusetts Inst. Technol 2010
- Vancoillie , J. et al. The Potential of Methanol as a Fuel for Flex-Fuel and Dedicated Spark-Ignition Engines Appl. Energy 102 140 149 2013
- Vancoillie , J. , Demuynck , J. , Sileghem , L. , Van De Ginste , M. , and Verhelst , S. Comparison of the Renewable Transportation Fuels, Hydrogen and Methanol Formed from Hydrogen, with Gasoline - Engine Efficiency Study Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37 12 9914 9924 2012
- Sileghem , L. , Ickes , A. , Wallner , T. , and Verhelst , S. Experimental Investigation of a DISI Production Engine Fuelled with Methanol, Ethanol, Butanol and ISO-Stoichiometric Alcohol Blends SAE Tech. Pap. 2015-April April 2015
- Nguyen , D.K. , Van Craeynest , T. , Pillu , T. , Coulier , J. , and Verhelst , S. Downsizing Potential of Methanol Fueled DISI Engine with Variable Valve Timing and Boost Control SAE Tech. Pap. 2018-April 1 13 2018
- De Cesare , M. , Cavina , N. , and Paiano , L. Technology Comparison for Spark Ignition Engines of New Generation SAE Int. J. Engines 10 2513 2534 2017
- Morganti , K. et al. Improving the Efficiency of Conventional Spark-Ignition Engines Using Octane-on-Demand Combustion. Part I: Engine Studies SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0679 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0679
- Morganti , K. et al. Improving the Efficiency of Conventional Spark-Ignition Engines Using Octane-on-Demand Combustion - Part II: Vehicle Studies and Life Cycle Assessment SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0683 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0683
- Morganti , K. , Viollet , Y. , Head , R. , Kalghatgi , G. et al. Maximizing the Benefits of High Octane Fuels in Spark-Ignition Engines Fuel 207 470 487 2017
- Morganti , K. et al. Synergistic Engine-Fuel Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles: Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Appl. Energy 208 1538 1561 2017
- Caton , J.A. A Comparison of Lean Operation and Exhaust Gas Recirculation: Thermodynamic Reasons for the Increases of Efficiency SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0266 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0266
- Szybist , J.P. , Wagnon , S.W. , Splitter , D. , Pitz , W.J. , and Mehl , M. The Reduced Effectiveness of EGR to Mitigate Knock at High Loads in Boosted SI Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 10 5 2305 2318 2017
- Nguyen , D.-K. , Stepman , B. , Vergote , V. , Sileghem , L. , and Verhelst , S. Combustion Characterization of Methanol in a Lean-burn Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) Engine SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0566 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0566
- Kolodziej , C.P. , Pamminger , M. , Sevik , J. , Wallner , T. et al. Effects of Fuel Laminar Flame Speed Compared to Engine Tumble Ratio, Ignition Energy, and Injection Strategy on Lean and Egr Dilute Spark Ignition Combustion SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 10 1 82 94 2018
- Szybist , J.P. , and Splitter , D. Effects of Fuel Composition on EGR Dilution Tolerance in Spark Ignited Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 819 831 2016
- Verhelst , S. , and Wallner , T. Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 35 6 490 527 2009
- Brown , L.F. A Comparative Study of Fuels for on-Board Hydrogen Production for Fuel-Cell-Powered Automobiles Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 26 4 381 397 2001
- Tartakovsky , L. , and Sheintuch , M. Fuel Reforming in Internal Combustion Engines Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 67 88 114 2018
- Sileghem , L. , Alekseev , V.A. , Vancoillie , J. , Nilsson , E.J.K. et al. Laminar Burning Velocities of Primary Reference Fuels and Simple Alcohols Fuel 115 32 40 2014
- Omari , A. , Shapiro , M. , and Tartakovsky , L. Laminar Burning Velocity of Alcohol Reforming Products and Effects of Cellularity on Flame Propagation SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0775 2015 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0775
- Brinkman , N.D. , and Stebar , R.F. A Comparison of Methanol and Dissociated Methanol Illustrating Effects of Fuel Properties on Engine Efficiency—-Experiments and Thermodynamic Analyses SAE Technical Paper 850217 1985 https://doi.org/10.4271/850217
- Poran , A. , and Tartakovsky , L. Performance and Emissions of a Direct Injection Internal Combustion Engine Devised for Joint Operation with a High-Pressure Thermochemical Recuperation System Energy 124 214 226 2017
- Poran , A. , and Tartakovsky , L. Influence of Methanol Reformate Injection Strategy on Performance, Available Exhaust Gas Enthalpy and Emissions of a Direct-Injection Spark Ignition Engine Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 42 23 15652 15668 2017
- Poran , A. , Thawko , A. , Eyal , A. , and Tartakovsky , L. Direct Injection Internal Combustion Engine with High-Pressure Thermochemical Recuperation--Experimental Study of the First Prototype Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 43 11969 11980 2018
- Alger , T. , and Mangold , B. Dedicated EGR: a New Concept in High Efficiency Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 2 620 631 2009
- Lim , E.G. et al. The Engine Reformer: Syngas Production in an Engine for Compact Gas-to-Liquids Synthesis Can. J. Chem. Eng. 94 4 623 635 2016
- Wiemann , S. , Hegner , R. , Atakan , B. , Schulz , C. , and Kaiser , S.A. Combined Production of Power and Syngas in an Internal Combustion Engine--Experiments and Simulations in SI and HCCI Mode Fuel 215 40 45 2018
- Randolph , E. , Gukelberger , R. , Alger , T. , Briggs , T. et al. Methanol Fuel Testing on Port Fuel Injected Internal-Only EGR, HPL-EGR and D-EGR®Engine Configurations SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 10 3 718 727 2017
- Chang , Y. , Szybist , J.P. , Pihl , J.A. , and Brookshear , D.W. Catalytic Exhaust Gas Recirculation-Loop Reforming for High Efficiency in a Stoichiometric Spark-Ignited Engine through Thermochemical Recuperation and Dilution Limit Extension, Part 1: Catalyst Performance Energy & Fuels 32 2 2245 2256 2018
- Chang , Y. , Szybist , J.P. , Pihl , J.A. , and Brookshear , D.W. Catalytic Exhaust Gas Recirculation-Loop Reforming for High Efficiency in a Stoichiometric Spark-Ignited Engine through Thermochemical Recuperation and Dilution Limit Extension, Part 2: Engine Performance Energy & Fuels 32 2 2257 2266 2018
- Szybist , J.P. , Pihl , J. , Huff , S. , and Kaul , B. High Load Expansion of Catalytic EGR--Loop Reforming under Stoichiometric Conditions for Increased Efficiency in Spark Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0244 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0244
- Nguyen , D.-K. , Sileghem , L. , and Verhelst , S. Exploring the Potential of Reformed-Exhaust Gas Recirculation (R-EGR) for Increased Efficiency of Methanol Fueled SI Engines Fuel 236 778 791 2019
- Fennell , D. , Herreros , J.M. , Tsolakis , A. , Xu , H. et al. GDI Engine Performance and Emissions with Reformed Exhaust Gas Recirculation (REGR) SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0537 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0537
- Fennell , D. , Herreros , J. , and Tsolakis , A. Improving Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine Efficiency and Emissions with Hydrogen from Exhaust Gas Fuel Reforming Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 39 10 5153 5162 2014
- Bogarra-Macias , M. , Herreros-Arellano , J.M.M. , Tsolakis , A. , York , A.P.E. , and Millington , P. Reformate Exhaust Gas Recirculation (REGR) Effect on Particulate Matter (PM), Soot Oxidation and Three Way Catalyst (TWC) Performance in Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 9 1 305 314 2016
- Fennell , D. et al. On--board Thermochemical Energy Recovery Technology for Low Carbon Clean Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Powered Vehicles Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D J. Automob. Eng. 232 8 1079 1091 2018
- Ashida , K. et al. Study of An On--Board Fuel Reformer and Hydrogen-Added {EGR} Combustion in a Gasoline Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 8 358 366 2015
- Nguyen , D.-K. , and Verhelst , S. Development of Laminar Burning Velocity Correlation for the Simulation of Methanol Fueled SI Engines Operated with Onboard Fuel Reformer SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0539 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0539
- URL https://www.tue.nl/en/university/departments/mechanical-engineering/research/research-groups/multiphase-and-reactive-flows/our-expertise/research-topics/chem1d/
- Li , J. , Kazakov , A. , Chaos , M. , and Dryer , F.L. 5th US combustion meeting 2007
- Nguyen , D.-K. , Sileghem , L. , and Verhelst , S. A quasi--Dimensional Combustion Model for Spark Ignition Engines Fueled with Gasoline--Methanol Blends Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D J. Automob. Eng. 232 1 57 74 2018
- Morel , T. , and Keribar , R. A Model for Predicting Spatially and Time Resolved Convective Heat Transfer in Bowl-in-Piston Combustion Chambers SAE Technical Paper 850204 77 93 1985 https://doi.org/10.4271/850204
- Richard , S. , Bougrine , S. , Font , G. , Francois , L. , and Berr , F. On the Reduction of a 3D CFD Combustion Model to Build a Physical 0D Model for Simulating Heat Release, Knock and Pollutants in SI Engines Oil Gas Sci. Technol. - Rev. l’IFP 64 223 242 2009
- Demuynck , J. A Fuel Independent Heat Transfer Correlation for Premixed Spark Ignition Engines Ghent University 2012
- Chen , S.K. , and Flynn , P.F. Development of a Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Research Engine SAE Technical Paper 650733 1965 https://doi.org/10.4271/650733
- Papavasiliou , J. , Avgouropoulos , G. , and Ioannides , T. In Situ Combustion Synthesis of Structured Cu-Ce-O and Cu-Mn-O Catalysts for the Production and Purification of Hydrogen Appl. Catal. B Environ. 66 3-4 168 174 2006
- Poran , A. , Artoul , M. , Sheintuch , M. , and Tartakovsky , L. Modeling Internal Combustion Engine with Thermo-Chemical Recuperation of the Waste Heat by Methanol Steam Reforming SAE Int. J. Engines 7 234 242 2014
- Purnama , H. , Ressler , T. , Jentoft , R.E. , Soerijanto , H. et al. CO Formation/Selectivity for Steam Reforming of Methanol with a Commercial CuO/ZnO/Al\textsubscript{2}O\textsubscript{3} catalyst Appl. Catal. A Gen. 259 1 83 94 2004
- Lee , J.K. , Ko , J.B. , and Kim , D.H. Methanol Steam Reforming over Cu/ZnO/Al\textsubscript{2}O\textsubscript{3} Catalyst: Kinetics and Effectiveness Factor Appl. Catal. A Gen. 278 1 25 35 2004
- Mancin , S. , Zilio , C. , Diani , A. , and Rossetto , L. Experimental Air Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Through Copper Foams Exp. Therm. fluid Sci. 36 224 232 2012
- Vancoillie , J. , Sileghem , L. , and Verhelst , S. Development and Validation of a Quasi-Dimensional Model for Methanol and Ethanol Fueled SI Engines Appl. Energy 132 412 425 2014
- Law , C.K. Combustion Physics Cambridge University Press 2010
- Olikara , C. , and Borman , G.L. A Computer Program for Calculating Properties of Equilibrium Combustion Products with Some Applications to IC Engines SAE Technical Paper 750468 1975 https://doi.org/10.4271/750468
- Hoepke , B. , Jannsen , S. , Kasseris , E. , and Cheng , W.K. EGR Effects on Boosted SI Engine Operation and Knock Integral Correlation SAE Int. J. Engines 5 2 547 559 2012
- Nguyen , D.-K. , and Verhelst , S. Computational Study of the Laminar Reaction Front Properties of Diluted Methanol-Air Flames Enriched by the Fuel Reforming Product Energy & Fuels 31 9 9991 10002 2017