This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Geometrical and Mechanical Characterization of the Abdominal Fold of Obese Post Mortem Human Subjects for Use in Human Body Modelling
Technical Paper
2020-22-0006
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Obese vehicle occupants sustain specific injury patterns in case of accidents in which the interaction between the seat belt and the abdomen may play a role. This study aimed to collect geometrical characteristics and to investigate the mechanical responses of the abdomen of obese subjects. Four Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) with BMI ranging from 31 to 46 kg/m2 were collected.
CT-scans performed in the seated position revealed that the antero-posterior depth of the abdominal fold (from the inguinal region to the most anterior point of the abdominal surface) was much greater (170 mm max., 127 mm average) than the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissues (85 max., 38 mm in average). Each PMHS was subjected to three infra-injurious antero-posterior belt pulls in a seated posture with a lap belt positioned (C1) superior to the umbilicus, (C2) inferior to the umbilicus, (C3) inside the abdominal fold between the abdomen and the thigh. During the C1 and C2 tests, the belt moved cranially, and the abdominal fold opened widely especially in C2. Forces remained below 1800 N, for maximum applied displacements ranging from 89 to 151 mm for C1 and C2, and 37 to 66 mm for C3. Finally, sled tests were conducted on two PMHS seated on a semi-rigid seat and restrained by a three-point belt equipped with pretensioners and a 3.5 kN force limitation at the shoulder. The first PMHS (BMI 39 kg/m2) was tested at 49 km/h (39 g peak) and sustained severe injuries (AIS 4 pelvis dislocation, AIS 3 bilateral femur fractures) attributed to the combined loading of the seat and lap belt force (about 11 kN and 7 kN, respectively). The second PMHS (BMI 46 kg/m2) was subjected to a 29 km/h test (8 g plateau) and sustained no injury. The lap belt slid inside the abdominal fold in the first case and deformed the lower abdomen in the second, providing limited restraint forces during that interaction and leading to a large body excursion for the first test.
The results highlight the possible relevance of the abdominal fold at the abdomen thigh junction to model and study the restraint conditions of obese occupants using Human Body Models (HBM).
Recommended Content
Authors
- Matthieu Lebarbé - CEESAR (France)
- Philippe Beillas - Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel,
- Tomas Janak - Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel,
- Yoann Lafon - Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel,
- Olivier Richard - Faurecia Automotive Seating (France)
- Philippe Petit - LAB PSA Peugeot Citroën Renault (France)
Citation
Lebarbé, M., Beillas, P., Janak, T., Lafon, Y. et al., "Geometrical and Mechanical Characterization of the Abdominal Fold of Obese Post Mortem Human Subjects for Use in Human Body Modelling," SAE Technical Paper 2020-22-0006, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-22-0006.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 6 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 7 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 8 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 9 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 10 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 11 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 12 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 13 |
Also In
References
- AAAM 2015 The Abbreviated Injury Scale 2015 Revision. Version 6 October 2016 Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine 35 E Wacker Drive Ste. 850 – Chicago, Illinois 60601 USA http://www.aaam.org/
- Boulanger , B. R. , Milzman , D. , Mitchell , K. , and Rodriguez. , A. 1992 Body Habitus as a Predictor of Injury Pattern after Blunt Trauma The Journal of Trauma 33 2 228 32
- Beillas , P. , Lafon , Y. , Smith , F.W. 2009 The effects of posture and subject-to-subject variations on the position, shape and volume of abdominal and thoracic organs Stapp Car Crash Journal 53 127 154
- Brown , C. V. R. , Neville , A. L. , Rhee , P. , Salim , A. , Velmahos , G. C. , and Demetriades , D. 2005 The impact of obesity on the outcomes of 1,153 critically injured blunt trauma patients The Journal of Trauma 59 5 1048 1051
- Gepner , B. , Joodaki , H. , Sun , Z. , Jayarhirtha , M. , Kim , T. , Forman , J.L. , and Kerrigan. , J.R. 2018 Performance of the Obese GHBMC Models in the Sled and Belt Pull Test Conditions Proceedings of the 2018 IRCOBI Conference, paper n° IRC-18-60
- Holcombe , S.A. , and Wang , S.C. 2014 Subcutaneous Fat Distribution in the Human Torso Proceedings of 2014 IRCOBI Conference, paper n° IRC-14-43
- Hu , J. , Fanta , A. , Neal , M.O. , Reed , M.P. , and Wang , J.-T. 2016 Vehicle Crash Simulations with Morphed GHBMC Human Models of Different Stature, BMI, and Age Proceedings of the 4th International Digital Human Modeling Conference Montreal, Canada
- Joodaki , H. , Forman , J. , Forghani , A. , Overby , B. , Kent , R. , Crandall , J. , Beahlen , B. , Beebe , M. , and Bostrom , O. 2015 Comparison of Kinematic Behaviour of a First Generation Obese Dummy and Obese PMHS in Frontal Sled Tests Proceedings of the 2015 IRCOBI Conference, paper n° IRC-15-57
- Joseph , B. , Hadeed , S. , Haider , A.A. , Ditillo , M. , Joseph , A. , Pandit , V. , Kulvatunyou , N. , Tang , A. , Latifi , R. , and Rhee , P. 2017 Obesity and Trauma Mortality: Sizing up the Risks in Motor Vehicle Crashes Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 11 1 72 78
- Kent , R.W. , Forman , J.L. , and Bostrom , O. 2010 Is There Really a “Cushion Effect”?: A Biomechanical Investigation of Crash Injury Mechanisms in the Obese Obesity 18 4 749 753
- Lamielle , S. , Vezin , P. , Verriest , J.-P. , Petit , P. , Trosseille , X. , and Vallancien. , G. 2008 3D Deformation and Dynamics of the Human Cadaver Abdomen under Seatbelt Loading Stapp Car Crash Journal 52 267 94
- Lebarbé , M. , Uriot , J. , Potier , P. , Baudrit , P. , Lafont , D. , and Douard , R. 2018 Human shoulder response to lateral impact in intermediate loading conditions between high-velocity, short-duration and low-velocity, long-duration Stapp Car Crash Journal 62 319 357
- Luet , C. , Trosseille , X. , Drazé tic , P. , Potier , P. , Vallancien , G. 2012 Kinematics and Dynamics of the Pelvis in the Process of Submarining using PMHS Sled Tests Stapp Car Crash Journal 56 411 442
- McCollough , C.H. , Leng , S. , Yu , L. , and Fletcher , J.G. 2015 Dual- and Multi-Energy CT: Principles, Technical Approaches, and Clinical Applications Radiology 276 3 637 53
- Mock , C.N. , Grossman , D.C , Kaufman , R.P. , Mack , C.D. , and Rivara , F.P. 2002 The Relationship between Body Weight and Risk of Death and Serious Injury in Motor Vehicle Crashes Accident Analysis & Prevention 34 2 221 28
- Mayer , Ch.C , Dobberstein , J. , Nagel , U. , Pandharkar , S. , Kumar , H.G. , and Kulkarni , S. 2017 Reconstruction of a Side Impact Accident with Far-Side Occupant Using HBM (Human Body Model) - Discussion of Injury Risk Evaluation by HBM Morphed to Individual Occupant Body Dimensions Presented at the International VDI Conference, Human Body Modelling in Automotive Safety Berlin November 28
- Potier , P. 2010 Contribution Méthodologique à la Thanatomécanique et à la Thanatométrologie Thesis. Thèse en Génie Mécanique Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis
- Rebiffé , R. , Guillien , J. , and Pasquet , P. 1982 Enquête anthropometrique sur les conducteurs français. 1981-1982. Laboratoire de physiologie et de biomécanique de l’Association Peugeot Renault (APR) APR internal report
- Reed , M.P. , Raschke , U. , Tirumali , R. , and Parkinson , M.B. 2014 Developing and implementing parametric human body shape models in ergonomics software Proc. 3rd International Digital Human Modeling Conference Tokyo, Japan
- Reed , M.P. , Park , B.-K. , and Hallman , J.J. 2015 Effects of Driver Attributes on Lower Abdomen Contour Proceedings of the 2015 IRCOBI Conference, paper n° IRC-15-75
- Rice , T.M. , and Zhu , M. 2013 Driver Obesity and the Risk of Fatal Injury during Traffic Collisions Emergency Medicine Journal 31 1 9 12
- Scafoglieri , A. , Clarys , J.P. , Cattrysse , E. and Bautmans , I. 2014 Use of Anthropometry for the Prediction of Regional Body Tissue Distribution in Adults: Benefits and Limitations in Clinical Practice Aging and Disease 5 6 373 393
- Shi , X. , Cao , L. , Reed , M.P. , Rupp , J.D. , and Hu , J. 2015 Effects of Obesity on Occupant Responses in Frontal Crashes: A Simulation Analysis Using Human Body Models Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 18 12 1280 1292
- Uriot , J. , Baudrit , P. , Potier , P. , Trosseille , X. , Petit , P. , Guillemot , H. , Guérin , L. , Vallancien , G. 2006 Investigations on the Belt-to-Pelvis Interaction in Case of Submarining Stapp Car Crash Journal 50 53 73
- Uriot , J. , Baudrit , P. , Potier , P. , Trosseille , X. , Petit , P. , Richard , O. , Compigne , S. , Masuda , M. , and Douard , R. 2015 Reference PMHS Sled Tests to Assess Submarining Stapp Car Crash Journal 59 203 223
- World Health Organization 2020 Obesity and Overweight Fact sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
- Zhang , K. , Cao , L. , Fanta , A. , Reed , M.P. , Neal , M. Wang , J.-T. , Lin , C.-H. , and Hu , J. 2017 An Automated Method to Morph Finite Element Whole-Body Human Models with a Wide Range of Stature and Body Shape for Both Men and Women Journal of Biomechanics 60 July 253 260