Nowadays, transportation issues have been increasingly serious, and countries all over the world are actively exploring effective solutions. Intelligent highway and AV vehicle (AV) are considered to be the most effective ways to solve these problems. However, the dynamic uncertainty of driving environment factors is one of the key elements affecting vehicle driving safety, especially for AV, as well as traffic efficiency. The AV field has achieved fruitful results for this problem, but most of them focus on the identification of vehicle dynamics and visualization of roadside facilities. However, the feasibility and applicability of AV on the expressway system have not been tested in China. This paper summarized the development status and trend of AV and the difficulties and challenges of AV test on the expressway. Proposed test scenario of AV on the expressway, and on this basis, carried out a test and studied the adaptability of AV on the expressway. Finally, suggestions for both expressway agency and AV technology developers were provided according to the test results. The research results analyzed the environment and conditions required for automated vehicles to operate on the expressway system, which is not only conducive to promoting the development of automated driving technology and reducing the risks brought by the application of automated driving technology but also conducive to improving the support capability of the expressway for automated driving. At the same time, it will promote the upgrading and transformation of China’s highway, improve the management and operation level of smart highway, and provide a strong guarantee for promoting the overall development of China’s automated driving.