This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Characterization of the Behavior of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Fueled by an Ammonia-Gasoline-Ethanol Tertiary Fuel Blend
Technical Paper
2020-01-5105
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
Automotive Technical Papers
Language:
English
Abstract
With the depletion of petroleum resources around the world, the need to have fuel-efficient mobility solutions and sustainable alternative fuels for automobiles has become prominent. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles have recently gained attention in terms of fuel-efficient mobility solutions. Recent research work by the authors of these articles and many other research groups have demonstrated the suitability of ammonia as a sustainable alternative power for automobiles [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 18]. Ammonia has been used for a long period of time mainly as an agricultural chemical and as a sustainable and carbon-free fuel and has substantial potential as a liquid fuel for mobile applications [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Ammonia-rich fuels can be used to run HEVs equipped with an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) as the primary power source and a battery as the secondary energy source. When compared to conventional automobiles, HEVs have a complex powertrain with ICEs, high-voltage batteries, and electric motor-generators. Sophisticated control systems are used to control these components to satisfying the user power demands while achieving the best possible fuel economy. This sophisticated control system could be optimized to the fuel being used and many other driving conditions. The feasibility of the ammonia-rich fuel to power the existing ICEs of an HEV and the final fuel efficiency with an optimized control system for these fuel blends are studied in this research using an engine dynamometer setup to characterize the performance of the fuels and high fidelity computer-aided engineering (CAE) simulation model of a series HEV to optimize the control system and predict the fuel economy. CAE models eliminate the need of having expensive hardware prototypes required for preliminary stage feasibility studies of alternative energy applications. This paper also demonstrates the successful usage of CAE models in lieu of expensive hardware prototypes for such studies. Results from the engine dynamometer tests show that ammonia-rich fuels are capable of producing equal power and torque compared to baseline gasoline-only fuels. At higher engine speed ammonia-rich fuels are capable of producing about 5-8% more power and torque. CAE simulations show an ammonia-rich fuel has improved the fuel economy of the HEV by 2-22.75% (with and without control system optimization) over the baseline gasoline fuel when tested with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory drive cycles. Finally, it is proven that ammonia, which is an already widely used chemical, could successfully be used to replace a part of the petroleum (gasoline) fuel requirements of existing ICEs and, if used with an optimized control system in an HEV ammonia-rich fuels, yields a higher fuel economy.
Recommended Content
Topic
Citation
Haputhanthri, S., "Characterization of the Behavior of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Fueled by an Ammonia-Gasoline-Ethanol Tertiary Fuel Blend," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-5105, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-5105.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 |
Also In
References
- Haputhanthri , S.O. , Austin , C. , Maxwell , T. , and Fleming , J. Ammonia and Gasoline Composite Liquid Fuel Blends Emulsified with Ethanol and Methanol for Direct Displacement in Internal Combustion Engines IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 11 2 11 18 2014
- Haputhanthri , S.O. , Austin , C. , Maxwell , T. , and Fleming , J. Ammonia and Gasoline Fuel Blends for Internal Combustion Engines Proceedings of the ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and 12th Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference Boston, Massachusetts, USA 2014
- Haputhanthri , S.O. , Austin , C. , Maxwell , T. , and Fleming , J. Ammonia Gasoline-Ethanol/Methanol Tertiary Fuel Blends as an Alternate Automotive Fuel Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) Boston, Massachusetts, USA Nov. 2014
- Grannell , S.M. , Assanis , D.N. , Gillespie , D.E. , and Bohac , S.V. Exhaust Emissions from a Stoichiometric, Ammonia and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference Milwaukee, WI 2009 135 141
- Zamfirescu , C. and Dincer , I. Using Ammonia as a Sustainable Fuel Journal of Power Sources 185 1 459 465 2008
- Zamfirescu , C. and Dincer , I. Ammonia as a Green Fuel and Hydrogen Source for Vehicular Applications Fuel Processing Technology 90 5 729 737 2009
- Frigo , S. and Gentili , R. Analysis of the Behaviour of a 4-Stroke SI Engine Fuelled with Ammonia and Hydrogen International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38 3 1607 1615 2013 2011 Zing International Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Conference: from Nanomaterials to Demonstrators
- Aguilera , R.F. , Eggert , R.G. , Lagos , G.C. , and Tilton , J.E. Depletion and the Future Availability of Petroleum Resources Energy Journal 30 1 141 2009
- Haputhanthri , S.O. Ammonia Gasoline Fuel Blends: Feasibility Study of Commercially Available Emulsifiers and Effects on Stability and Engine Performance SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2759 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2759
- Koch , E. Ammoni—A Fuel for Motor Buses J. Inst. Pet 1 215 223 1945
- Patil , K. , Molla , S.K. , and Schulze , T. Hybrid Vehicle Model Development Using ASM-AMESim-Simscape Co-Simulation for Real-Time HIL Applications SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0932 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0932
- Shehan Haputhanthri , J.S. , Bryan , S. , and Okubo , S. 2020
- Ehsani , M. , Gao , Y. , and Emadi , A. Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 2009
- Rousseau , A. and Sharer , P. Comparing Apples to Apples: Well-to-Wheel Analysis of Current Ice and Fuel Cell Vehicle Technologies SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1015 2004 https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-1015
- Maxwell , T. , Patil , K. , Bayne , S. , and Gale , R. Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing of GM Two-Mode Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2010 IEEE 12th Workshop on Boulder, CO 2010 1 5
- Patil , K. , Maxwell , T. , Bayne , S. , and Gale , R. Vehicle Development Process for EcoCAR: The Next Challenge Competition Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2010 IEEE Lille 2010 1 6
- http://www.epa.gov/nvfel/testing/dynamometer.htm 2014
- Haputhanthri , S.O. 2014
- http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/fuelcomparisonchart.pdf 2014
- Cengel , Y.A. , Boles , M.A. , and Kanoğlu , M. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach 5 New York McGrawHill 2011
- http://www.afdc.energy.gov/pdfs/2876.pdf 2014
- http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs and id=32655 2014