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Assessment of In-Use Solid Particle Number Measurement Systems against Laboratory Systems
Technical Paper
2020-01-5074
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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Automotive Technical Papers
Language:
English
Abstract
Euro VI regulations in Europe and its adaptors recently extended the regulation to include Particle Number (PN) for in-use conformity testing. However, the in-use PN Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) is still evolving and has higher measurement uncertainty when compared against laboratory-grade PN systems. The PN systems for laboratory require a condensation particle counter (CPC). Thus, in this study, a CPC-based Horiba PN-PEMS was selected for performance evaluation against the laboratory-grade PN systems. This study was divided into four phases. The first two phases’ measurements were conducted from the Constant Volume Sampler (CVS) tunnel where the brake-specific particle number (BSPN) levels of 1010-12 and 1013 (#/bhp-h) were measured from the engines equipped with diesel particulate filter (DPF) and without DPF, respectively. In comparison against PN systems, PN-PEMS, on average, reported 14% lower BSPN from 82 various tests for the BSPN levels of 1010-11. In the case of engine-out (EO) BSPN levels (1013), PN-PEMS, on an average, reported 8% lower from 66 tests. The short-term repeatability and reproducibility of the solid particles measured by PN-PEMS were evaluated with the two non-DPF engines in the second phase of the study. Repeatability and reproducibility were below 3.5% and 15%, respectively. In the third phase, PN-PEMS measured from the raw location and PN system measured from the partial flow sampling system (PFSS). For 53 different tests of 1010-11 BSPN levels, PN-PEMS, on average, reported 15% lower measurements. In the final phase, PN-PEMS performance was evaluated on the chassis dynamometer where it reported 10-20% higher than the PN system. A diffusion charger (DC) PN-PEMS utilized in the final phase, reported two to six times higher PN due to overestimation of urea solid particles whenever selective catalyst reduction (SCR) temperature was above 250°C. From more than 200 various test data for this overall study, on average, Horiba PN-PEMS reported a 12% lower BSPN than the laboratory-grade PN system.
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Authors
- M. Yusuf Khan - Cummins Inc.
- Meet Patel - Cummins Inc.
- Nathan Scott - Cummins Inc.
- Chet Mun Liew - Cummins Inc.
- Chuanlun Peng - Cummins East Asia Research & Development
- Wenzheng Luo - Cummins East Asia Research & Development
- Montajir Rahman - Horiba Instruments Inc.
- Nathan Gramlich - Horiba Instruments Inc.
- Jeremy Eames - Horiba Instruments Inc.
- J. Adam Phillips - West Virginia University
Citation
Khan, M., Patel, M., Scott, N., Liew, C. et al., "Assessment of In-Use Solid Particle Number Measurement Systems against Laboratory Systems," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-5074, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-5074.Data Sets - Support Documents
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