On the Effects of Urea and Water Injection on Particles across the SCR Catalyst in a Heavy - Duty Euro VI Diesel Engine
Technical Paper
2020-01-2196
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Particle emissions from heavy-duty engines are regulated both by mass and number
by Euro VI regulation. Understanding the evolution of particle size and number
from the exhaust valve to the tail pipe is of vital importance to expand the
possibilities of particle reduction. In this study, experiments were carried out
on a heavy-duty Euro VI engine after-treatment system consisting of diesel
oxidation catalyst, diesel particulate filter and selective catalytic reduction
(SCR) unit with AdBlue injection followed by ammonia slip catalyst. The present
work focusses on the SCR unit with regard to total particle number with and
without nucleation particles both. Experiments were conducted by varying the
AdBlue injection quantity, SCR inlet temperature [to vary the reaction
temperature], exhaust mass flow rate [to vary the residence time in SCR], and
fuel injection pressures [to vary inlet particle number and inlet
NOx]. Sampling for particle measurements was performed at the inlet,
upstream of the urea injector and the outlet of the SCR. Particle measurements
were made using two different two-stage dilution systems, for measuring
non-volatile and volatile particles, respectively. The total particle number
(PN) was measured using two different condensation particle counters (CPC), one
with the cut-off size at 23nm and another with a cut-off size at 7 nm to capture
nuclei mode particles. An increase in the total number of particles was observed
at 400°C and 1200 bar of fuel injection pressure with the higher AdBlue
injection quantities compared to the dry-run SCR. At 400°C, a surge in
nucleation occurs irrespective of the fuel injection pressures. An experiment
was also made to isolate the water droplets effect on PN from nitrate formation.
The SCR was injected with de-ionized water and a PN reduction was observed
across the SCR and the reduction was higher with higher inlet PN to the SCR.
Authors
Topic
Citation
K, A., Bernemyr, H., and Erlandsson, A., "On the Effects of Urea and Water Injection on Particles across the SCR Catalyst in a Heavy - Duty Euro VI Diesel Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-2196, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2196.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Brook , R.D. , Rajagopalan , S. , Pope , C.A. , Brook , J.R. , et al. Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update to the Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Circulation 121 21 2331 2378 2010 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1
- Donaldson , K. , Li , X.Y. , and MacNee , W. Ultrafine (Nanometre) Particle Mediated Lung Injury Journal of Aerosol Science 29 5-6 553 560 1998 10.1016/S0021-8502(97)00464-3
- Giechaskiel , B. , Mamakos , A. , Andersson , J. , Dilara , P. , et al. Measurement of Automotive Nonvolatile Particle Number Emissions within the European Legislative Framework: A Review Aerosol Science and Technology 46 7 719 749 2012 10.1080/02786826.2012.661103
- Wang , X. , Wang , Y. , Bai , Y. , Wang , P. , et al. An Overview of Physical and Chemical Features of Diesel Exhaust Particles Journal of the Energy Institute 92 6 1864 1888 2019 10.1016/j.joei.2018.11.006
- Kittelson , D.B. , Watts , W.F. , Johnson , J.P. , Rowntree , C.J. , et al. Driving down On-Highway Particulate Emissions SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0916 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0916
- Rönkkö , T. , Virtanen , A. , Kannosto , J. , Keskinen , J. , et al. Nucleation Mode Particles with a Nonvolatile Core in the Exhaust of a Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle Environmental Science and Technology 41 18 6384 6389 2007 10.1021/es0705339
- Thiruvengadam , A. , Besch , M.C. , Carder , D.K. , Oshinuga , A. , et al. Influence of Real-World Engine Load Conditions on Nanoparticle Emissions from a DPF and SCR Equipped Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Environmental Science and Technology 46 3 1907 1913 2012 10.1021/es203079n
- Pietikäinen , M. , Väliheikki , A. , Oravisjärvi , K. , Kolli , T. , et al. Particle and NOx Emissions of a Non-Road Diesel Engine with an SCR Unit: The Effect of Fuel Renewable Energy 77 377 385 2015 10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.031
- Karjalainen , P. , Ronkko , T. , Lahde , T. , Rostedt , A. , et al. Reduction of Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust Particle Number and Mass at Low Exhaust Temperature Driving by the DOC and the SCR SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 5 3 1114 1122 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1664
- Lee , S. , Cho , Y. , Song , M. , Kim , H. , et al. Experimental Study on the Charcteristics of Nano-Particles Emissions from a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Using Urea-SCR System International Journal of Automotive Technology 13 3 355 363 2012 10.1007/s12239−012−0033−4
- Amanatidis , S. , Ntziachristos , L. , Giechaskiel , B. , Bergmann , A. , et al. Impact of Selective Catalytic Reduction on Exhaust Particle Formation over Excess Ammonia Events Environmental Science and Technology 48 19 11527 11534 2014 10.1021/es502895v
- Giechaskiel , B. , Arndt , M. , Schindler , W. , Bergmann , A. , et al. Sampling of Non-Volatile Vehicle Exhaust Particles: A Simplified Guide SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0443 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0443
- Wu , B.Y. , Zhan , Q. , Zhang , S.K. , et al. Effect of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Operating Parameters on Particle Number and Size Distribution at Low Speed Condition Int J Automot Technol 19 4 623 633 2018 10.1007/s12239−018−0059−3
- Tan , X.G. , Sang , H.L. , Qiu , T. , Fan , Z.Q. , et al. The Impact of Common Rail System’s Control Parameters on the Performance of High-Power Diesel Energy Procedia 16 PART C 2067 2072 2011 10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.314
- Guan , B. , Zhan , R. , Lin , H. , and Huang , Z. Review of the State-of-the-Art of Exhaust Particulate Filter Technology in Internal Combustion Engines Journal of Environmental Management 154 225 258 2015 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.02.027
- Kasper , M. The Number Concentration of Non-Volatile Particles - Design Study for an Instrument According to the PMP Recommendations SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0960 2004 https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0960
- Han , J. , Kim , J. , Jung , H. , Pyo , S. , et al. Improvement of NOX Reduction Rate of Urea SCR System Applied for an Non-Road Diesel Engine International Journal of Automotive Technology 20 6 1153 1160 2019 10.1007/s12239-019-0108-6