This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Biofuel Injection in an Optical Direct Injection Engine
Technical Paper
2020-01-2121
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The air-fuel mixture formation in an optical direct-injection internal combustion engine is investigated by numerical simulations for the two biofuels Ethanol and 2-Butanone. The gas phase in the internal combustion (IC) engine is predicted by a large-eddy simulation, in which the fuel phase is determined by a spray model based on Lagrangian particle tracking. A hollow-cone injector is used for which the primary breakup is modeled by a series of small full-cone injections, while the Rosin-Rammler initial droplet size distribution is used. The secondary spray break-up is modeled by the Kelvin-Helmholtz-Rayleigh-Taylor (KHRT) model, and the evaporation of the fuel is determined by the Bellan-Harstad model. The gas phase simulation is based on a finite-volume method formulated for hierarchical Cartesian grids, in which the immersed moving boundaries are resolved using a multiple level-set/cut-cell approach. Characteristic boundary conditions are used to avoid artificial reflections at the inlet and outlet ports. Approximately 50 million mesh cells are used to resolve the in-cylinder flow domain. Dynamic load balancing is utilized to redistribute the workload due to grid adaptation, moving valves and piston, as well as fuel droplets. The validation of the spray model is performed by comparison of the numerical findings with pressure chamber measurements.
Good agreement is obtained for the spray penetration and droplet size distribution. Measurements of the in-cylinder flow-field in an optical engine are used to validate the flow field simulation results in the IC engine. The simulation of the mixture formation for the biofuels show that the difference of the evaporation rate between Ethanol and 2-Butanone leads to significant differences in the spray behavior. While wall impingement is a significant factor with Ethanol, this effect is negligible for 2-Butanone. The higher evaporation rate of 2-Butanone results in a less favorable mixture formation due to the lower liquid penetration of the spray.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Berger, S., Wegmann, T., Meinke, M., and Schröder, W., "Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Biofuel Injection in an Optical Direct Injection Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-2121, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2121.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Hoppe , F. , Burke , U. , Thewes , M. , Heufer , A. et al. Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass: Potentials of 2-Butanone and 2-Methylfuran in Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines Fuel 167 106 117 2016
- Dahmen , M. , Hechinger , M. , Villeda , J.V. , and Marquardt , W. Towards Model-Based Identification of Biofuels for Compression Ignition Engines SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 5 3 990 1003 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1593
- Thewes , M. , Muether , M. , Pischinger , S. , Budde , M. et al. Analysis of the Impact of 2-Methylfuran on Mixture Formation and Combustion in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine Energy & Fuels 25 12 5549 5561 2011
- Lintermann , A. , Meinke , M. , and Schröder , W. Zonal Flow Solver (ZFS): A Highly Efficient Multi-Physics Simulation Framework Int J Comput Fluid D 0 0 1 28 2020
- Günther , C. , Meinke , M. , and Schröder , W. A Flexible Level-Set Approach for Tracking Multiple Interacting Interfaces in Embedded Boundary Methods Comput. Fluids 102 182 202 2014
- Wehrfritz , A. , Vuorinen , V. , Kaario , O. , and Larmi , M. Large Eddy Simulation of High-Velocity Fuel Sprays: Studying Mesh Resolution and Breakup Model Effects for Spray A At. Spray 23 5 419 442 2013
- Sim , J. , Badra , J. , Elwardany , A. , and Im , H. Spray Modeling for Outwardly-Opening Hollow-Cone Injector SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0844 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0844
- Braun , M. , Palmer , J. , Overbrueggen , T. , Klaas , M. et al. Influence of In-Cylinder Air Flow on Spray Propagation SAE Int. J. Engines 10 4 1398 1410 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-9280
- Poinsot , T.J. , and Lele , S.K. Boundary Conditions for Direct Simulations of Compressible Viscous Flows J. Comp. Phys. 101 104 129 1992
- Pirozzoli , S. , and Colonius , T. Generalized Characteristic Relaxation Boundary Conditions for Unsteady Compressible Flow Simulations J. Comp. Phys. 248 109 126 2013
- Yoo , C. , Wang , Y. , Trouve , A. , and Im , H. Characteristic Boundary Conditions for Direct Simulations of Turbulent Counterflow Flames Combust. Theory and Modeling 9 5 617 646 2005
- Lodato , G. , Domingo , P. , and Vervisch , L. Three-Dimensional Boundary Conditions for Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation of Compressible Viscous Flow J. Comp. Phys. 227 1 5105 5143 2008
- Putnam , A. 1961
- Rosin , P. Laws Governing the Fineness of Powdered Coal Journal of Institute of Fuel 7 29 36 1933
- Reitz , R.D. Modeling Atomization Processes in High-Pressure Vaporizing Sprays At. Spray 3 4 309 337 1987
- Su , T. , Patterson , M. , Reitz , R.D. , and Farrell , P. Experimental and Numerical Studies of High Pressure Multiple Injection Sprays SAE Technical Paper 96086 1996 https://doi.org/10.4271/960861
- Reitz , R.D. , and Beale , J. Modeling Spray Atomization with the Kelvin-Helmholtz Rayleigh-Taylor Hybrid Model At. Spray 9 6 623 650 1999
- Bellan , J. , and Harstad , K. The Details of the Convective Evaporation of Dense and Dilute Clusters of Drops Int J Heat Mass Transfer 30 6 1083 1093 1987
- Miller , R.S. , and Bellan , J. Direct Numerical Simulation of a Confined Three-Dimensional Gas Mixing Layer with One Evaporating Hydrocarbon-Droplet-Laden Stream J Fluid Mech 384 293 338 1999
- Meinke , M. , Schneiders , L. , Günther , C. , and Schröder , W. A Cut-Cell Method for Sharp Moving Boundaries in Cartesian Grids Comp. Fluids 85 134 142 2013
- Berger , M.J. , Aftosmis , M. , and Allmaras , S. Progress towards a Cartesian Cut-Cell Method for Viscous Compressible Flow AIAA Paper 2012-1301 2012
- Schneiders , L. , Günther , C. , Meinke , M. , and Schröder , W. An Efficient Conservative Cut-Cell Method for Rigid Bodies Interacting with Viscous Compressible Flows J. Comput. Phys. 311 62 86 2016
- Schneiders , L. , Hartmann , D. , Meinke , M. , and Schröder , W. An Accurate Moving Boundary Formulation in Cut-Cell Methods J. Comput. Phys. 235 786 809 2013
- Pogorelov , A. , Schneiders , L. , Meinke , M. , and Schröder , W. An Adaptive Cartesian Mesh Based Method to Simulate Turbulent Flows of Multiple Rotating Surfaces Flow Turbul. Combust. 100 1 19 38 2018
- Günther , C. , Meinke , M. , and Schröder , W. A Flexible Multiple Level-Set Method for Capturing and Tracking Moving Embedded Interfaces Comp. Fluids 102 182 202 2014
- Mathieu , F. , Reddemann , M. , Martin , D. , and Kneer , R. Experimental Investigation of Fuel Influence on Atomization and Spray Propagation Using an Outwardly Opening GDI-Injector SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-2275 2010 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-2275
- Van Overbrueggen , T. , Braun , M. , Klaas , M. , and Schröder , W. Experimental Analysis of the Impact of Injected Biofuels on Incylinder Flow Structures SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 1320 1348 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-9043
- Reddemann , M.A. , Mathieu , F. , Martin , D. , and Kneer , R. Impact of Physical Properties on Primary Breakup for a Diesel Nozzle Configuration Atomization Sprays 21 3 221 235 2011
- Braun , M. , Klaas , M. , and Schröder , W. Influence of Miller Cycles on Engine Air Flow SAE Int. J. Engines 11 2 161 178 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/03-11-02-0011
- Niemöller , A. , Schlottke-Lakemper , M. , Meinke , M. , and Schröder , W. Dynamic Load Balancing for Direct-Coupled Multi-Physics Simulations Computers and Fluids 199 104437 2020