This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Impact of the Fleet Age Structure on the Cold-Start Emission. Case Study of the Polish Passenger C and Light Commercial Vehicles
Technical Paper
2020-01-2091
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Road transport sector is significant source of the air pollution in Poland. The total exhaust emission from particular vehicle is estimated as the total mass of the selected air pollutant released into the air during the vehicle’s trip. In the context of the thermodynamic conditions, the total exhaust emission can be split into two parts: hot emission, when the engine achieves the normal operating temperature, and cold-start emission - produced during the thermally unstable engine’s operating conditions.
The aim of the paper is to present results of mathematical modelling of the influence of the fleet age structure used in Poland on the cold-start emissions which are released into the air shortly after the engine’s start. There are considered emissions from the passenger cars, and the light commercial vehicles.
The emissions of enumerated pollutants are estimated basing on the official projections of the fuel consumption for the period 2025 - 2040 (with the 5 years intervals), and the changes in the fleet’s average age considering the progress in the environmental properties of the engines (the Euro standards).
Presented analysis does not consider parameters that can impact the cold-start emissions such as e.g. ambient temperature, and trip length.
The presented result of modelling show that with the change of the structure of vehicles (replacement of old vehicles with lower Euro standards with new vehicles with higher Euro standards), it will reduce cold-start emissions and total emissions.
The modelling is carried out using the COPERT software, which is widely applied for purposes of the national emission inventories compilation.
The contribution of the cold-start emission to the total emission generated by the road transport is negligible in case of NOx and PM2.5 particulates. In case of CO, CH4, and NMVOCs this contribution is substantial, nearly 50% (CO and CH4,), and close to 40% (NMVOCs).
In case of majority of the pollutants (excl. NOx) it can be noticed that the contribution of the cold-start to the total emission will be decreasing after 2020.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Zimakowska-Laskowska, M., Laskowski, P., and Zasina, D., "The Impact of the Fleet Age Structure on the Cold-Start Emission. Case Study of the Polish Passenger C and Light Commercial Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-2091, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2091.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 6 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 7 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 8 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 9 |
Also In
References
- André , J.-M. , Joumard , R. 2005 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00917071
- Bielaczyc , P. , Szczotka , A. , and Woodburn , J. The Effect of a Low Ambient Temperature on the Cold-Start Emissions and Fuel Consumption of Passenger Cars J Automobile Eng 225 9 1253 1264 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407011406613
- Bielaczyc , P. , Szczotka , A. , and Woodburn , J. An Overview of Cold Start Emissions from Direct Injection Spark-Ignition and Compression Ignition Engines of Light Duty Vehicles at Low Ambient Temperatures Combustion Engines 154 3 96 103 2013
- Burch , S. , Potter , T. , Keyser , M. , Brady , M. , Michaels , K. 1995
- Chambon , P. , Deter , D. , Irick , D. , and Smith , D. PHEV Cold Start Emissions Management SAE Int. J. Altern. Powertrains. 2 252 260 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0358
- Chen , L. , Liang , Z. , Zhang , X. , and Shuai , S. Characterizing Partculate Matter Emissions from GDI and PFI Vehicles Under Transient and Cold Start Conditions Fuel 189 131 140 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.055
- Dardiotis , C. , Martini , G. , Marotta , A. , and Manfredi , U. Low-Temperature Cold-Start Gaseous Emissions of Late Technology Passenger Cars Appl. Energy 111 468 478 2013
- EEA 2019 10.2800/293657
- EMISIA SA 2019 Copert 5: Manual [online cit.: 2019-05-25] Thessaloniki, Greece https://copert.emisia.com/manual/
- https://www.gov.pl/web/aktywa-panstwowe/krajowy-plan-na-rzecz-energii-i-klimatu-na-lata-2021-2030-przekazany-do-ke
- Laurikko J. Cold-Start Emissions and Excess Fuel Consumption in Low Ambient Temperatures - Assessment of EU2, EU3 and EU4 Passenger Car Performances Proceedings of FISITA 2008 World Automotive Congress, Paper F2008-09-049 Munich September 2008
- Ntziachristos , L. , Gkatzoflias , D. , Kouridis , C. , and Samaras , Z. COPERT: A European Road Transport Emission Inventory Model Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering Berlin, Heidelberg Springer 2009 491 504 10.1007/978-3-540-88351-7_37
- https://www.ceip.at/ms/ceip_home1/ceip_home/status_reporting/2020_submissions/
- Price P. , Stone R. , Oude D. , Chen X. 2007
- Reddy , S. Reduction of Cold Start Exhaust Emissions from a Diesel Engine using Electrical Catalytic Converter - An Experimental Study Int. J. Adv. Eng.Res. Appl. 1 3 2015
- Reiter , M.S. , and Kockelman , K.M. The Problem of Cold Starts: A Closer Look at Mobile Source Emissions Levels Transport. Res. Transport Environ. 43 123 132 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.12.012
- Suarez-Bertoa , R. , and Astorga , S. Impact of Cold Temperature on Euro 6 Passenger Car Emissions Environ. Pollut. 234 318 329 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.096
- Waśkiewicz J. , Pawlak P.
- Weilenmann , M. , Favez , J.-Y. , and Alvarez , R. Cold-Start Emissions of Moder Passenger Cars at Different Low Ambient Temperatures and their Evolution Over Vehicle Legislation Categories Atmos Environ 43 2419 2429 2009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.005
- Weilenmann M. , Soltic P. , Saxer C. , Forss A.-M. , Heeb N. Regulated and Nonregulated Diesel and Gasoline Cold Start Emissions at Different Temperatures Atmos Environ 2005 39 2433 41 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
- Whelan , I. , Timoney , D. , Smith , W. , and Samuel , S. The Effect of a Three-Way Catalytic Converter on Particulate Matter from a Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine During Cold-Start SAE Int. J. Engines. 6 1035 1045 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1305