This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Optimization of Piston Bowl Geometry for a Low Emission Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine
Technical Paper
2020-01-2056
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) guided design optimization was conducted for the piston bowl geometry for a heavy-duty diesel engine. The optimization goal was to minimize engine-out NOx emissions without sacrificing engine peak power and thermal efficiency. The CFD model was validated with experiments and the combustion system optimization was conducted under three selected operating conditions representing low speed, maximum torque, and rated power. A hundred piston bowl shapes were generated, of which 32 shapes with 3 spray angles for each shape were numerically analyzed and one optimized design of piston bowl geometry with spray angle was selected. On average, the optimized combustion system decreased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by 17% and soot emissions by 41% without compromising maximum engine power and fuel economy. The NOx and soot emissions of the optimized system were lower than the baseline case under both low and high Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) conditions, and less sensitive to injection timing, which is beneficial to engine calibration. To reveal the key design factors of piston bowl geometry affecting emissions, three piston bowls with the geometry similar to the optimized bowl were simulated under the low speed condition. The results show that decreasing the oxygen-rich areas surrounded by high temperature mixture would reduce NOx formation, while organizing combustion in the center of combustion chamber would boost the engine power and decrease soot emissions.
Authors
- Peng Wang - WFIERI FAW
- Xin He - Aramco Americas
- Yuanjiang Pei - Aramco Americas
- Zexian Guo - Tsinghua University
- Boyuan Wang - Tsinghua University
- Shiyu Liu - Tsinghua University
- Zhi Wang - Tsinghua University
- Shijin Shuai - Tsinghua University
- Xingyu Sun - Shangdong Chambroad Petrochemicals
- Chen-Teng Chang - FAWDE
Topic
Citation
Guo, Z., He, X., Pei, Y., Chang, C. et al., "Optimization of Piston Bowl Geometry for a Low Emission Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-2056, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2056.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 5 |
Also In
References
- Shuai , S. , Liu , S. , Ma , X. et al. Technology Analysis of Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles to Meet Near-Zero Emission Regulations Automotive Safety and Energy 10 1 16 31 2019 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2019.01.002 (in Chinese)
- Zamboni , G. , Moggia , S. , and Capobianco , M. Hybrid EGR and Turbocharging Systems Control for Low NOX and Fuel Consumption in an Automotive Diesel Engine Applied Energy 165 1 839 848 2016 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.117
- Zou , Z. , Zheng , Z. , Liu , J. , et al. Effects of Different Turbocharging Systems on Performance and Emissions of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering 2017 6 1 8 2017 10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2017.06.001
- Yadav , P. , Saravanan , C. , Edward , J. , and Perumal , R. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow and Combustion in a DI Diesel Engine with Different Piston Geometries SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0378 2015 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0378
- Subramanian , S. , Rathinam , B. , Lalvani , J. , and Annamalai , K. Piston Bowl Optimization for Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using CFD SAE Technical Paper 2016-28-0107 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-28-0107
- Horibe , N. , Komizo , T. , Sumimoto , T. , Wang , H. et al. Smoke Reduction Effects by Post Injection for Various Injection Parameters and Combustion Chamber Shapes in a Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2634 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2634
- Dawat , V. , and Venkitachalam , G. Influence of a High-Swirling Helical Port with Axisymmetric Piston Bowls on In-Cylinder Flow in a Small Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0587 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0587
- Neely , G.D. , Sasaki , S. , and Sono , H. Investigation of Alternative Combustion Crossing Stoichiometric Air Fuel Ratio for Clean Diesels SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1840 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1840
- Yoo , D. , Kim , D. , Jung , W. et al. Optimization of Diesel Combustion System for Reducing PM to Meet Tier4-Final Emission Regulation without Diesel Particulate Filter SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2538 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2538
- Kurtz , E.M. , and Styron , J. An Assessment of Two Piston Bowl Concepts in a Medium-Duty Diesel Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 5 2 344 352 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0423
- Dahlstrom , J. , Andersson , O. , Tuner , M. , and Persson , H. Experimental Comparison of Heat Losses in Stepped-Bowl and Re-Entrant Combustion Chambers in a Light Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0732 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0732
- Zha , K. , Busch , S. , Warey , A. , Peterson , R. et al. A Study of Piston Geometry Effects on Late-Stage Combustion in a Light-Duty Optical Diesel Engine Using Combustion Image Velocimetry SAE Int. J. Engines 11 6 783 804 2018 10.4271/2018-01-0230
- Busch , S. , Zha , K. , Perini , F. , Reitz , R. et al. Bowl Geometry Effects on Turbulent Flow Structure in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1794 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1794
- Dakhore , R. , Gandhi , N. , Gokhale , N. , Aghav , Y. et al. Effect of Piston Cavity Geometry on Combustion, Emission and Performance of a Medium Duty DI Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2015-26-0198 2015 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-26-0198
- Li , H. , Lyu , J. , Li , Y. , Zhong , L. et al. Combustion System Optimization Across Multiple Speed/Load Points on a V8 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1856 2015 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1856
- Wickman , D.D. , Senecal , P.K. , and Reitz , R.D. Diesel Engine Combustion Chamber Geometry Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms and Multi-Dimensional Spray and Combustion Modeling SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0547 2001 https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-0547
- Broatch , A. , Novella , R. , Gómez-Soriano , J. , Pinaki , P. et al. Numerical Methodology for Optimization of Compression-Ignited Engines Considering Combustion Noise Control SAE Int. J. Engines 11 6 625 642 2018 10.4271/2018-01-0193
- Ge , H. , Shi , Y. , Reitz , R.D. et al. Heavy-Duty Diesel Combustion Optimization Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm and Multi-Dimensional Modeling SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0716 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0716
- Ge , H. , Shi , Y. , Reitz , R.D. et al. Engine Development Using Multi-dimensional CFD and Computer Optimization SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0360 2010 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0360
- Dolak , J.G. , Shi , Y. , and Reitz , R.D. A Computational Investigation of Stepped-Bowl Piston Geometry for a Light Duty Engine Operating at Low Load SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-1263 2010 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-1263
- Mobasheri , R. , and Peng , Z. Analysis of the Effect of Re-Entrant Combustion Chamber Geometry on Combustion Process and Emission Formation in a HSDI Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0144 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0144
- Styron , J. , Baldwin , B. , Fulton , B. et al. Ford 2011 6.7L Power Stroke® Diesel Engine Combustion System Development SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0415 2011 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0415
- Pei , Y. , Pal , P. , Zhang , Y. , Traver , M. et al. CFD-Guided Combustion System Optimization of a Gasoline Range Fuel in a Heavy-Duty Compression Ignition Engine Using Automatic Piston Geometry Generation and a Supercomputer SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0001 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0001
- Badra , J. , Khaled , F. , Tang , M. , Pei , Y. . et al. Engine Combustion System Optimization Using CFD and Machine Learning: A Methodology Approach Presented at ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference USA October 20-23, 2019
- Badra , J. , khaled , F. , Sim , J. , Pei , Y. et al. Combustion System Optimization of a Light-Duty GCI Engine Using CFD and Machine Learning SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-1313 2020 https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1313
- CONVERGE Theory Manual v2.4 Middleton, WI Convergent Science, Inc. 2018
- CAESES https://www.caeses.com/ 2018
- http://www.tfd.chalmers.se/~valeri/MECH.html
- Senecal , P.K. , Pomraning , E. , Richards , K.J. et al. Multi-Dimensional Modeling of Direct-Injection Diesel Spray Liquid Length and Flame Lift-off Length using CFD and Parallel Detailed Chemistry SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1043 2003 https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1043
- Reitz , R.D. , and Bracco , F. Mechanisms of Breakup of Round Liquid Jets Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics 1986 3 233 249 1986
- Xin , J. , Ricart , L. , and Reitz , R.D. Computer Modeling of Diesel Spray Atomization and Combustion Combust Science and Technology 137 1-6 171 194 1998 10.1080/00102209808952050
- Schmidt , D.P. , and Rutland , C.J. A New Droplet Collision Algorithm Journal of Computational Physics 164 1 62 80 2000 10.1006/jcph.2000.6568
- Frossling , N. Evaporation, Heat Transfer, and Velocity Distribution in Two-Dimensional and Rotationally Symmetrical Laminar Boundary-Layer Flow N.A.C.A. 168 AD-B189 1956
- Han , Z. , and Reitz , R.D. Turbulence Modeling of Internal Combustion Engines using RNG κ-ε models Combust Science and Technology 106 4-6 267 295 1995 10.1080/00102209508907782
- Hill , S.C. , and Smoot , L.D. Modeling of nitrogen oxides formation and destruction in combustion systems Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 26 4 417 458 2000 10.1016/S0360-1285(00)00011-3
- Hiroyasu , H. , and Kadota , T. Models for Combustion and Formation of Nitric Oxide and Soot in Direct Injection Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 760129 1976 https://doi.org/10.4271/760129
- Dempsey , A. , Seiler , P. , Svensson , K. , and Qi , Y. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Diesel Engine CFD Modeling Predictions Using a Semi-Empirical Soot Model over a Broad Range of Combustion Systems SAE Int. J. Engines 11 6 1399 1420 2018 10.4271/2018-01-0242