This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
An Experimental Investigation on Aldehyde and Methane Emissions from Hydrous Ethanol and Gasoline Fueled SI Engine
Technical Paper
2020-01-2047
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Use of ethanol as gasoline replacement can contribute to the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and carbon oxide (CO) emissions. Depending on ethanol production, significant reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions is possible. Concentration of certain species, such as unburned ethanol and acetaldehyde in the engine-out emissions are known to rise when ratio of ethanol to gasoline increases in the fuel. This research explores on hydrous ethanol fueled port-fuel injection (PFI) spark ignition (SI) engine emissions that contribute to photochemical formation of ozone, or so-called ozone precursors and the precursor of peroxyacetyl nitrates (PANs). The results are compared to engine operation on gasoline. Concentration obtained by FTIR gas analyzer, and mass-specific emissions of formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (MeCHO) and methane (CH4) under two engine speed, four load and two spark advance settings are analyzed and presented. Combustion phasing results based on in-cylinder pressure analysis are also included. Concentration and specific emissions of acetaldehyde and methane were found to increase in case of hydrous ethanol, comparing to gasoline use. Difference in formaldehyde emissions was statistically insignificant at slower engine speed.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Gailis, M., Pirs, V., Jansons, M., Birzietis, G. et al., "An Experimental Investigation on Aldehyde and Methane Emissions from Hydrous Ethanol and Gasoline Fueled SI Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-2047, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2047.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 |
Also In
References
- The European Parliament and the Council Directive 2014/94/EU on the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Off. J. Eur. Union L307 20 2014
- European Parliament and the Council of the European Union Directive 2016/ 2284 on the Reduction of National Emissions of Certain Atmospheric Pollutants, Amending Directive 2003/35/EC and Repealing Directive 2001/81/EC Off. J. Eur. Union L344 1 31 2016 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/pri/en/oj/dat/2003/l_285/l_28520031101en00330037.pdf
- Turner , D. , Xu , H. , Cracknell , R.F. , Natarajan , V. , and Chen , X. Combustion Performance of Bio-Ethanol at Various Blend Ratios in a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Fuel 90 5 1999 2006 2011 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.12.025
- Wyman , C.E. Twenty Years of Trials, Tribulations, and Research Progress in Bioethanol Technology: Selected Key Events Along the Way Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 91-93 1-9 5 22 2001 10.1385/ABAB:91-93:1-9:5
- Fagundez , J.L.S. , Sari , R.L. , Mayer , F.D. , Martins , M.E.S. , and Salau , N.P.G. Determination of Optimal Wet Ethanol Composition as a Fuel in Spark Ignition Engine Appl. Therm. Eng. 112 317 325 2017 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.099
- Sari , R.L. , Golke , D. , Enzweiler , H.J. , Salau , N.P.G. et al. Exploring Optimal Operating Conditions for Wet Ethanol use in Spark Ignition Engines Appl. Therm. Eng. 138 523 533 2018 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.04.078
- Lanzanova , T.D.M. , Dalla Nora , M. , and Zhao , H. Performance and Economic Analysis of a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Wet Ethanol Appl. Energy 169 230 239 2016 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.016
- Kumar , S. , Singh , N. , and Prasad , R. Anhydrous Ethanol: A Renewable Source of Energy Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 14 7 1830 1844 2010 10.1016/j.rser.2010.03.015
- Kabasin , D. , Hoyer , K. , Kazour , J. , Lamers , R. , and Hurter , T. Heated Injectors for Ethanol Cold Starts SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 172 179 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0615
- Yuen , P. , Villaire , W. , and Beckett , J. Automotive Materials Engineering Challenges and Solutions for the Use of Ethanol and Methanol Blended Fuels SAE 2010 World Congress & Exhibition 1 20 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0729
- Gailis , M. and Pirs , V. Assessment of Compatibility of Fuel Supply System Polymeric Parts with Bioethanol/ Gasoline Blend E85 Engineering for Rural Development Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Jelgava 307 312 2015
- Bastin , C. , Szklo , A. , and Rosa , L.P. Diffusion of New Automotive Technologies for Improving Energy Efficiency in Brazil’s Light Vehicle Fleet Energy Policy 38 7 3586 3597 2010 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.02.036
- Kabasin , D.F. , Joseph , Y. , Fedor , W. , Geiger , S. , and Hurter , T. Emission Reduction with Heated Injectors SAE Int. J. Engines 3 1 14 2010 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-1265
- Monteiro Sales , L.C. , and Sodré , J.R. Cold Start Characteristics of an Ethanol-Fuelled Engine with Heated Intake Air and Fuel Appl. Therm. Eng. 40 198 201 2012 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.01.057
- Cao , Y. , and Chen , D. A Cold-Start Method and Analysis for Internal Combustion Engines Particularly using a Renewable Fuel Int. J. Energy Res. 35 4 358 364 2011 10.1002/er.1683
- El-Faroug , M. , Yan , F. , Luo , M. , and Fiifi Turkson , R. Spark Ignition Engine Combustion, Performance and Emission Products from Hydrous Ethanol and Its Blends with Gasoline Energies 9 12 24 2016 10.3390/en9120984
- Daemme , L.C. , Penteado , R. , Zotin , F. , and Errera , M. Regulated and Unregulated Emissions from a Flex Fuel Motorcycle Fuelled with Various Gasoline/Ethanol Blends SAE/JSAE 2014 Small Engine Technology Conference & Exhibition Detroit 10 2014 10.4271/2014-32-0032
- Wallner , T. and Frazee , R. Study of Regulated and Non-Regulated Emissions from Combustion of Gasoline, Alcohol Fuels and their Blends in a DI-SI Engine International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting SAE International, Detroit 1 25 2010 10.4271/2010-01-1571
- de Melo , T. , Machado , G. , de Oliveira , E. , Pereira Belchior , C. , et al. Different Hydrous Ethanol-Gasoline Blends - FTIR Emissions of a Flex-Fuel Engine and Chemical Properties of the Fuels SAE Technical Paper 2011-36-0080 2011 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-36-0080
- De Melo , T.C.C. , Machado , G.B. , Belchior , C.R.P. , Colaço , M.J. , Barros , J.E.M. , de Oliveira , E.J. , and de Oliveira , D.G. Hydrous Ethanol-Gasoline Blends - Combustion and Emission Investigations on a Flex-Fuel Engine Fuel 97 796 804 2012 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.018
- Munsin , R. , Laoonual , Y. , Jugjai , S. , and Imai , Y. An Experimental Study on Performance and Emissions of a Small SI Engine Generator set Fuelled by Hydrous Ethanol with High Water Contents up to 40% Fuel 106 586 592 2013 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.079
- Silva , K.C.C. , Daemme , L.C. , Macedo C. , de V. , Penteado Arruda , de R. , Ostapuik , I.F. , and Corrêa , S.M. Measurement of Legislated Emissions, Unburned Alcohol and Potential Formation of Ozone from a Light Flex-Fuel Vehicle SAE 23rd SAE Brasil International Congress and Display SAE Brasil, Sao Paulo 10 2014 10.4271/2014-36-0260
- Chen , L. , Stone , R. , and Richardson , D. A Study of Mixture Preparation and PM Emissions using a Direct Injection Engine Fuelled with Stoichiometric Gasoline/Ethanol Blends Fuel 96 120 130 2012 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.12.070
- Schifter , I. , Diaz , L. , Gómez , J.P. , and Gonzalez , U. Combustion Characterization in a Single Cylinder Engine with Mid-Level Hydrated Ethanol-Gasoline Blended Fuels Fuel 103 292 298 2013 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.002
- Augoye , A. and Aleiferis , P. Characterization of Flame Development with Hydrous and Anhydrous Ethanol Fuels in a Spark-Ignition Engine with Direct Injection and Port Injection Systems International Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting SAE International, Detroit 0148-7191 14 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2623
- Koppmann , R. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere New York Wiley-Blackwell 2007 978-1-405-13115-5
- Zhang , B. , Zhao , B. , Zuo , P. , Huang , Z. , and Zhang , J. Ambient Peroxyacyl Nitrate Concentration and Regional Transportation in Beijing Atmos. Environ. 166 543 550 2017 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.07.053
- Vyskocil , A. , Viau , C. , and Lamy , S. Peroxyacetyl Nitrate: Review of Toxicity Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 17 4 212 220 1998 10.1177/096032719801700403
- AVL Maintenance Guide SESAM FTIR Graz 2009
- Sandstroem-Dahl , C. , Erlandsson , L. , Gasste , J. , and Lindgren , M. Measurement Methodologies for Hydrocarbons, Ethanol and Aldehyde Emissions from Ethanol Fuelled Vehicles SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 3 2 453 466 2010 10.4271/2010-01-1557
- AVL AVL KMA Mobile Fuel Measurement System Graz 2006
- Gailis , M. , Dukulis , I. , Pirs , V. , and Birzietis , G. Practical methodology for calculation of specific gaseous emissions Engineering for Rural Development Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava 2141 2146 2018 10.22616/ERDev2018.17.N508
- Gatowski , J.A. , Balles , E.N. , Chun , K.M. , Nelson , F.E. et al. Heat Release Analysis of Engine Pressure Data SAE 1984 Transactions 20 1984 10.4271/841359
- Lancaster , D.R. , Krieger , R.B. , and Lienesch , J.H. Measurement and Analysis of Engine Pressure Data 1975 Automotive Engineering Congress and Exposition Detroit 18 1975 10.4271/750026
- Heywood Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals New York McGrawHill 2018 978-1-260-11610-6
- Wu , C.-W. , Chen , R.-H. , Pu , J.-Y. , and Lin , T.-H. The influence of Air-Fuel Ratio on Engine Performance and Pollutant Emission of an SI Engine Using Ethanol-Gasoline-Blended Fuels Atmos. Environ. 38 40 7093 7100 2004 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.058
- Guerrieri , D.A. , Caffrey , P.J. , and Rao , V. Investigation into the Vehicle Exhaust Emissions of High Percentage Ethanol Blends International Congress & Exposition SAE, Detroit 13 1995 10.4271/950777
- Suarta , I.M. , Wardana , I.N.G. , Hamidi , N. , and Wijayanti , W. The Role of Molecule Clustering by Hydrogen Bond in Hydrous Ethanol on Laminar Burning Velocity J. Combust. 2016 1 9 2016 10.1155/2016/5127682
- Broustail , G. , Halter , F. , Seers , P. , Moreac , G. , and Mounaim-Rousselle , C. Comparison of Regulated and Non-Regulated Pollutants with ISO-Octane/Butanol and ISO-Octane/Ethanol Blends in a Port-Fuel Injection Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel 94 x 251 261 2012 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.10.068
- Sarathy , S.M. , Oßwald , P. , Hansen , N. , and Kohse-Höinghaus , K. Alcohol Combustion Chemistry Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 44 40 102 2014 10.1016/j.pecs.2014.04.003
- Cheng , W.K. , Hamrin , D. , Heywood , J.B. , Hochgreb , S. et al. An Overview of Hydrocarbon Emissions Mechanisms in Spark-Ignition Engines SAE 1993 Trans. J. Fuels Lubr. 102 4 16 1993 https://doi.org/10.4271/932708
- Lorusso , J.A. , Kaiser , E.W. , and Lavoie , G.A. Quench Layer Contribution to Exhaust Hydrocarbons from a Spark-Ignited Engine Combust. Sci. Technol. 25 3-4 121 125 1981 10.1080/00102208108547511
- Ribeiro , L. , de , K. , and Sodré , J.R. Henry’s Constants for Ethanol, ISO-Octane and Gasoline Absorption in Engine Lubricants Lubr. Sci. 27 4 231 239 2015 10.1002/ls.1272
- Namazian , M. , and Heywood , J.B. Flow in the Piston-Cylinder-Ring Crevices of a Spark-Ignition Engine: Effect on Hydrocarbon Emissions, Efficiency and Power SAE 1982 Trans. 91 A 28 1982 https://doi.org/10.4271/820088
- Greenwood , J.B. , Erickson , P.A. , Hwang , J. , and Jordan , E.A. Experimental Results of Hydrogen Enrichment of Ethanol in an Ultra-Lean Internal Combustion Engine Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 39 24 12980 12990 2014 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.06.030
- Huang , Z.H. , Pan , K.Y. , Zhou , L.B. , and Jiang , D.M. Effect of Top Land Width and Engine Operating Conditions on Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Spark Ignition Engine Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D J. Automob. Eng. 210 3 243 247 1996 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1996_210_268_02
- Aleiferis , P.G. , Serras-Pereira , J. , and Richardson , D. Characterisation of Flame Development with Ethanol, Butanol, ISO-Octane, Gasoline and Methane in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel 109 256 278 2013 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.088
- Clairotte , M. , Adam , T.W.W. , Zardini , a.a.A. , Manfredi , U. et al. Effects of Low Temperature on the Cold Start Gaseous Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles Fuelled by Ethanol-Blended gasoline Appl. Energy 102 44 54 2013 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.010