This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Influence of Increasing Amount of Attapulgite on the Performance Properties of Cu-Free Brake-Pads
Technical Paper
2020-01-1601
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Copper is almost inevitable functional filler in the brake-material and efforts to replace it are continuing since it is now known as a hazard to the aquatic life. It is always desirable to search for ingredients for Cu-free brake-pads, which will be beneficial for friction-related properties and especially fade resistance. Attapulgite, is a mineral which was proven to be an excellent substitute for asbestos in brake-pads long back. However, hardly anything in details is reported on its exact role in controlling tribo-properties of friction materials (FMs). It was of interest, if it can be helpful in enhancing the performance of Cu-free FMs.
Hence, in this work a series of brake-pads (five types) was formulated and developed with increasing amount of attapulgite (0, 5, 10 and 15 wt. %) by compensating with inert barite particles in Cu-free FMs. The parent composition was fixed and instead of Cu powder, 10 wt.% stainless steel powder was used. One more type of pads was also developed containing Cu and attapulgite (10 wt. % each) just to compare its performance with that containing 10 % stainless steel powder and attapulgite, (10 wt. % each) keeping every other ingredients in parent composition as constant. The pads were characterised for physical, chemical and mechanical properties. The tribological characteristics were evaluated using full-scale inertia dynamometer as per JASO-C-406 standards under dry condition. The results revealed that the attapulgite exhibited slightly lubricating properties by reducing average μ with increasing amount. However, it helped to increase the wear resistance to small extent, but at the cost of deterioration in some beneficial properties such as fade resistance, fluctuations in μ. Overall, its inclusion in Cu-free brake-pads did not prove beneficial as expected.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Bhatt, B., Kalel, N., Abdel-Latif, M., and Bijwe, J., "Influence of Increasing Amount of Attapulgite on the Performance Properties of Cu-Free Brake-Pads," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-1601, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1601.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Bijwe , J. Multifunctionality of Nonasbestos Organic Brake Materials Friedrich , K. and Breuer , U. Multifunctionality of Polymer Composites Oxford William Andrew Publishing 2015 551 72 9780323264341
- Kim , S.S. , Hwang , H.J. , Shin , M.W. , and Jang , H. Friction and Vibration of Automotive Brake Pads Containing Different Abrasive Particles Wear 271 7-8 1194 1202 2011 10.1016/j.wear.2011.05.037
- Yun , R. , Filip , P. , and Lu , Y. Performance and Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Brake Friction Materials Tribol. Int. 43 11 2010 2019 2010 10.1016/J.TRIBOINT.2010.05.001
- Sharma , S. , Bijwe , J. , and Kumar , M. Comparison between Nano- and Micro-Sized copper particles as fillers in NAO friction materials Nanomater. Nanotechnol 3 1 2013 10.5772/56822
- Barros , L.Y. , Poletto , J.C. , Neis , P.D. , Ferreira , N.F. et al. Influence of Copper on Automotive Brake Performance Wear 426-427 741 749 2019 10.1016/J.WEAR.2019.01.055
- Straffelini , G. , Ciudin , R. , Ciotti , A. , and Gialanella , S. Present Knowledge and Perspectives on the Role of Copper in Brake Materials and Related Environmental Issues: A Critical Assessment Environ. Pollut. 207 211 219 2015 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.024
- Lyu , Y. , Leonardi , M. , Wahlström , J. , Gialanella , S. et al. Friction, Wear and Airborne Particle Emission from Cu-Free Brake Materials Tribol. Int. 141 2020 10.1016/j.triboint.2019.105959
- Mahale , V. , Bijwe , J. , and Sinha , S. Efforts Towards Green Friction Materials Tribol. Int. 136 196 206 2019 10.1016/j.triboint.2019.03.049
- Aranganathan , N. , and Bijwe , J. Special Grade of Graphite in NAO Friction Materials for Possible Replacement of Copper Wear 330 515 523 2015 10.1016/j.wear.2014.12.037
- Cho , M.H. , Ju , J. , Kim , S.J. , and Jang , H. Tribological Properties of Solid Lubricants (Graphite, Sb 2 S 3 , MoS 2 ) for Automotive Brake Friction Materials Wear 260 7-8 855 860 2006 10.1016/j.wear.2005.04.003
- Menapace , C. , Leonardi , M. , Matějka , V. , Gialanella , S. et al. Dry Sliding Behavior and Friction Layer Formation in Copper-Free Barite Containing Friction Materials Wear 398 191 200 2018 10.1016/j.wear.2017.12.008
- Matějka , V. , Fu , Z. , Kukutschová , J. , Qi , S. et al. Jute Fibers and Powderized Hazelnut Shells as Natural Fillers in Non-Asbestos Organic Non-Metallic Friction Composites Mater. Des. 51 847 853 2013 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.04.079
- Mahale , V. , and Bijwe , J. Exploration of Plasma Treated Stainless Steel Swarf to Reduce the Wear of Copper-Free Brake-Pads Tribol. Int. 144 106111 2020 10.1016/j.triboint.2019.106111
- Kalel , N. , Bhatt , B. , Darpe , A. , and Bijwe , J. Novel Eco-Friendly Friction Composites to Replace the Copper Particles-A Hazard to the Aquatic Life 2020
- Wang , L. , and Sheng , J. Preparation and Properties of Polypropylene/Org-Attapulgite Nanocomposites Polymer 46 16 6243 6249 2005 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.067
- Park , S.H. Types and Health Hazards of Fibrous Materials Used as Asbestos Substitutes Saf. Health Work 9 3 360 364 2018 10.1016/j.shaw.2018.05.001
- Washabaugh , F.J. 1983
- https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Attapulgite 2020
- Peng , L. , Zhou , L. , Li , Y. , Pan , F. et al. Synthesis and Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane/Attapulgite Nanocomposites Compos. Sci. Technol. 71 10 1280 1285 2011 10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.04.012
- Sun , L.H. , Yang , Z.G. , and Li , X.H. Effects of the Treatment of Attapulgite and Filler Contents on Tensile Properties of PTFE and Attapulgite Reinforced Fabric Composites Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 40 11 1785 1791 2009 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.08.014
- Mahale , V. , Bijwe , J. , and Sinha , S. A Step Towards Replacing Copper in Brake-Pads by Using Stainless Steel Swarf Wear 424-425 133 142 2019 10.1016/j.wear.2019.02.019
- Aranganathan , N. , and Bijwe , J. Development of Copper-Free Eco-Friendly Brake-Friction Material Using Novel Ingredients Wear 352-353 79 91 2016 10.1016/J.WEAR.2016.01.023
- Wypych , G. Handbook of Fillers Toronto ChemTec Pub 2010 978-1-895198-91-1
- Hutchings , I. , and Shipway , P. Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials Butterworth-Heinemann 2017 0081009518
- Ahmadijokani , F. , Shojaei , A. , Arjmand , M. , Alaei , Y. et al. Effect of Short Carbon Fiber on thermal, Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Phenolic-Based Brake Friction Materials Compos. Part B Eng. 168 98 105 2019 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.038
- Beziat , A. , Dardaine , M. , and Gabis , V. Effect of Compaction Pressure and Water Content on the Thermal Conductivity of Some Natural Clays Clays Clay Miner. 36 5 462 466 1988 10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360512
- Mahale , V. , Bijwe , J. , and Sinha , S. Application and Comparative Study of New Optimization Method for Performance Ranking of Friction Materials Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. Tribol. 232 2 143 154 2018 10.1177/1350650117708479