This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Impact of Engine Oil Detergent on Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) and Fuel Economy Performance
Technical Paper
2020-01-1424
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI), also referred to as Stochastic Pre-Ignition (SPI), Superknock or Megaknock is an undesirable combustion phenomenon that limits the fuel economy, drivability, emissions and durability performance of modern turbocharged gasoline engines. Numerous studies have previously reported that the frequency of LSPI is sensitive to engine oil composition. One of these drivers is the concentration of Calcium, which is usually delivered in the form of a detergent in the additive package. Switching to completely all-Magnesium detergent and/or severely limiting the concentration of Ca in the engine oil have recently been proposed as potential means to reduce LSPI.
In this work, we evaluate the impact of detergent type on LSPI performance as well as on other performance that the modern engine oil needs to deliver. Particularly the impact of detergent type on Fuel Economy performance is evaluated. To ensure a rigorous and high precision measurement of the impact of engine oil on fuel economy, representative of real-world conditions, under well-controlled conditions, the ASTM D8114 test cycle (Sequence VIE) was used to quantify fuel economy performance of the oils. This test utilizes a 3.6L LY7 GM engine installed on a dynamometer test stand, and Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured at 6 different stages, representing different regions on the engine map relevant to real-world operation, and a weighted fuel economy performance is then calculated. For oils with the same formulation style, with all components and concentrations apart from the detergent held constant, the formulation with an all Magnesium detergent had a substantially lower fuel economy performance than the formulation with an all Calcium detergent. This suggests that though a switch to an all-Magnesium formulation, or severely limiting the concentration of Calcium in the engine oil may help reduce LSPI in the relatively small fraction of vehicles in the car park susceptible to LSPI, the perceived benefits may be outweighed by the significant penalty on fuel economy incurred by all the vehicles in the car parc.
Recommended Content
Citation
Gupta, A. and Devlin, M., "Impact of Engine Oil Detergent on Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) and Fuel Economy Performance," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-1424, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1424.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 |
Also In
References
- Vangraefschepe , F. and Zaccardi , J.M. 2007
- Dahnz , C. , Han , K.-M. , Spicher , U. , Magar , M. et al. Investigations on Pre-Ignition in Highly Supercharged SI Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 3 1 214 224 2010 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0355
- Kalghatgi , G.T. and Bradley , D. Pre-Ignition and ‘Super-Knock’in Turbo-Charged Spark-Ignition Engines International Journal of Engine Research 13 4 399 414 2012
- Amann , M. and Alger , T. Lubricant Reactivity Effects on Gasoline Spark Ignition Engine Knock SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 5 2 760 771 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1140
- Zahdeh , A. , Rothenberger , P. , Nguyen , W. , Anbarasu , M. et al. Fundamental Approach to Investigate Pre-Ignition in Boosted SI Engines SAE International Journal of Engines 4 1 246 273 2011 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0340
- Dahnz , C. and Spicher , U. Irregular Combustion in Supercharged Spark Ignition Engines-Pre-Ignition and Other Phenomena International Journal of Engine Research 11 6 485 498 2010
- Peters , N. , Kerschgens , B. , and Paczko , G. Super-Knock Prediction Using a Refined Theory of Turbulence SAE International Journal of Engines 6 2 953 967 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1109
- Amann , M. , Alger , T. , and Mehta , D. The Effect of EGR on Low-Speed Pre-Ignition in Boosted SI Engines SAE International Journal of Engines 4 1 235 245 2011 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0339
- Gupta , A. , Shao , H. , Remias , J. , Roos , J. et al. Relative Impact of Chemical and Physical Properties of the Oil-Fuel Droplet on Pre-Ignition and Super-Knock in Turbocharged Gasoline Engines SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-2278 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2278
- Long , Y. , Wang , Z. , Qi , Y. , Xiang , S. et al. Effect of Oil and Gasoline Properties on Pre-Ignition and Super-Knock in a Thermal Research Engine (TRE) and an Optical Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0720 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0720
- Gupta , A. , Seeley , R. , Shao , H. , Remias , J. et al. Impact of Particle Characteristics and Engine Conditions on Deposit-Induced Pre-Ignition and Superknock in Turbocharged Gasoline Engines SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 10 3 830 841 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-2345
- Fletcher , K.A. , Dingwell , L. , Yang , K. , Lam , W.Y. , and Styer , J.P. Engine Oil Additive Impacts on Low Speed Pre-Ignition SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 9 3 612 620 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2277
- Van Rensselar , J. PC-11 and GF-6: New Engines Drive Change in Oil Specs Tribology & Lubrication Technology 69 1 30 2013
- Mounce , F. Development of a Standardized Test to Evaluate the Effect of Gasoline Engine Oil on the Occurrence of Low Speed Pre-Ignition-the Sequence IX Test SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1808 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1808
- ASTM International 2019 https://doi.org/10.1520/D8114-19A
- Tung , S.C. and McMillan , M.L. Automotive Tribology Overview of Current Advances and Challenges for the Future Tribology International 37 517 536 2004
- ASTM International 2018 https://doi.org/10.1520/D6079-18
- Devlin , M.T. et al. Friction and Film-Formation Properties of Oil-Soluble Inorganic Nanoparticles SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 1 1 1503 1510 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2460
- Smeeth , M. , Hamer , C. , and Spikes , H.A. A Study of Antiwear Additive Film Build up Using the MTM (Mini-Traction Machine) ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference 2007
- Kocsis , M.C. , Briggs , T. , and Anderson , G. The Impact of Lubricant Volatility, Viscosity and Detergent Chemistry on Low Speed Pre-Ignition Behavior SAE International Journal of Engines 10 3 1019 1035 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0685
- Michlberger , A. , Sutton , M. , and Dohner , B. Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) Durability - a Study of LSPI in Fresh and Aged Engine Oils SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0934 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0934
- Guevremont , J.M. , Guinther , G. , Szemenyei , D. , Devlin , M.T. et al. Enhancement of Engine Oil Wear and Friction Control Performance through Titanium Additive Chemistry Tribology Transactions 51 3 324 331 2008
- Devlin , M.T. , Guevremont , J.M. , Thompson , K. , Kolakowski , K. , Garelick , K. and Jao , T.-C. Boundary Film Formation Properties of Anti-Wear/ Friction Modifier Combinations 16th International Colloquium Tribology Esslingen, Germany January 2008
- Devlin , M.T. 2018
- Liu , Z. , Gangopadhyay , A. , Lam , W. , and Devlin , M. The Effect of Friction Modifiers and DI Package on Friction Reduction Potential of Next Generation Engine Oils: Part I Fresh Oils SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0933 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0933
- Guinther , G.H. and Styer , J. Correlation of a the Sequence VI Laboratory Fuel Economy Test to Real World Fuel Economy SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0297 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0297
- Styer , J. and Guinther , G.H. Fuel Economy beyond ILSAC GF-5: Correlation of Modern Engine Oil Tests to Real World Performance SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 5 3 1025 1033 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1618
- Guinther , G.H. and Styer , J. Development of a Novel Vehicle-Based Method to Assess the Impact of Lubricant Quality on Passenger Car Energy Efficiency SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 5 3 1034 1047 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1619