This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses: Modelling and Analysing Suitability from an Operational and Environmental Perspective
Technical Paper
2020-01-1172
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In response to the need to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, the current trend in the transport sector is a greater focus on alternative powertrains. More recent air quality concerns have seen controlled zero emission zones within urban areas. As a result, there is growing interest in hydrogen fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) as a zero local emission vehicle with superior range, operational flexibility and refuelling time than other clean alternatives e.g. battery electric buses (BEBs). This paper details the performance and suitability analysis of a proposed Wrightbus FCEB, using a quasistatic backwards-facing Simulink powertrain model. The model is validated against existing prototype vehicle data (Mk1), allowing it to be further leveraged for predictions of an advanced future production vehicle (Mk2) with next generation motors and fuel cell stack. The modelled outputs are used for a comparison of the FCEB performance to an equivalent BEB on industry standard drive cycles, as well as several real bus routes generated through data logging activities. The suitability of FCEB vs BEB from an operator usage perspective is thus analysed in different use cases, with case studies from the UK and Chile. Both single-deck and double-deck vehicle types are considered. Modelled FCEB and BEB outputs are further utilised in a comparative well-to-wheel assessment, highlighting that the relative suitability of each from an environmental perspective is sensitive to geographical and fuel production method pathways. The paper concludes with a discussion of the environmental and societal benefits of deploying hydrogen buses to reduce local health damaging pollutants and alleviate energy security concerns via the introduction of a feasible and sustainable transport alternative.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Doyle, D., Harris, A., Chege, S., Douglas, L. et al., "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses: Modelling and Analysing Suitability from an Operational and Environmental Perspective," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-1172, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1172.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 6 |
Also In
References
- Hydrogen Europe https://hydrogeneurope.eu/jivejive-2 Sept. 2019
- Zero Emission Urban Bus System https://zeeus.eu/publications Nov. 2019
- H2 Aberdeen http://www.h2aberdeen.com/ Sept. 2019
- Hebditch , J. World First for Aberdeen as City Orders 15 Double Decker Hydrogen Buses The Press and Journal July 2019 https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/hydrogen-bus-doubledecker-london-tfl-sadiq-khan-air-pollution-a8909326.html Oct. 2019
- Wyatt , T. World’s First Hydrogen Double-Decker Buses Coming to London’s Streets Independent May 2019 https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/hydrogen-bus-doubledecker-london-tfl-sadiq-khan-air-pollution-a8909326.html
- IRENA Hydrogen: A Renewable Energy Perspective Abu Dhabi International Renewable Energy Agency 2019 978-92-9260-151-5
- Mahmoud , M. , Garnett , R. , Ferguson , M. , and Kanaroglou , P. Electric Buses: A Review of Alternative Powertrains Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 62 673 684 2016 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.019
- Correa , G. , Muñoz , P.M. , and Rodriguez , C.R. A Comparative Energy and Environmental Analysis of a Diesel, Hybrid, Hydrogen and Electric Urban Bus Energy 187 115906 2019 10.1016/j.energy.2019.115906
- Chang , C.-C. , Liao , Y.-T. , and Chang , Y.-W. Life Cycle Assessment of Alternative Energy Types - Including Hydrogen - For Public City Buses in Taiwan International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44 33 18472 18482 2019 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.073
- Lee , D.-Y. , Elgowainy , A. , and Vijayagopal , R. Well-to-Wheel Environmental Implications of Fuel Economy Targets for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Buses in the United States Energy Policy 128 565 583 2019 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.01.021
- Stevens , G. , Murtagh , M. , Kee , R. , Early , J. et al. Development of a Vehicle Model Architecture to Improve Modeling Flexibility SAE Int. J. Engines 10 3 1328 1366 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1138
- Murtagh , M. , Early , J. , Stevens , G. , Cunningham , G. et al. Modelling and Control of a Hybrid Urban Bus SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0354 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0354
- Stevens , G. , Early , J. , Cunningham , G. , Murtagh , M. et al. Multi-Fidelity Validation Algorithm for Next Generation Hybrid-Electric Vehicle System Design Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233 13 3438 3448 2019 10.1177/0954407018825015
- Zhang , Y. , Murtagh , M. , Steele , D. , Cunningham , G. et al. Optimal Control Strategy for a Next Generation Range Extended Electric Bus SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0844 2020 https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0844
- Blades , L. , Douglas , R. , Early , J. , Lo , C.Y. et al. Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems for City Bus Applications SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-1208 2020 https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1208
- Cole , D. 2016 https://www.busandcoachbuyer.com/streetair/
- London Unveils First Fuel Cell Double-Decker Bus, from Wrightbus Fuel Cells Bulletin 2016 12 3 2016 10.1016/S1464-2859(16)30337-6
- Ballard https://www.ballard.com/fuel-cell-solutions/fuel-cell-power-products/fcmove Oct. 2019
- LowCVP https://www.lowcvp.org.uk/Hubs/leb/LEBCertificates.htm Oct. 2019
- LowCVP https://www.lowcvp.org.uk/Hubs/leb/TestingandAccreditation/TestingAccreditationProcedures.htm Oct. 2019
- UITP https://www.uitp.org/sort-brochure Oct. 2019
- Morrison , G.M. and Rauch , S. Highway and Urban Environment: Proceedings of the 8th Highway and Urban Environment Symposium Springer Science & Business Media 2007 978-1-4020-6010-6
- California Fuel Cell Partnership https://cafcp.org/content/cost-refill Nov. 2019
- CalChamber ALERT Nov. 2019
- Göhlich , D. , Fay , T.-A. , Jefferies , D. , Lauth , E. et al. Design of Urban Electric Bus Systems Design Science 4 15 2018 10.1017/dsj.2018.10
- IRENA Hydrogen from Renewable Power, Technology Outlook for the Energy Transition Abu Dhabi 2018 978-92-9260-077-8
- LowCVP The Low Emission Bus Guide London Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership 2016
- Moro , A. and Helmers , E. A New Hybrid Method for Reducing the Gap between WTW and LCA in the Carbon Footprint Assessment of Electric Vehicles International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 22 1 4 14 2017 10.1007/s11367-015-0954-z
- MacLean , H.L. and Lave , L.B. Evaluating Automobile Fuel/Propulsions System Technologies Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 29 1 1 69 2003 10.1016/S0360-1285(02)00032-1
- Nordelöf , A. , Messagie , M. , Tillman , A.M. , Ljunggren Söderman , M. et al. Environmental Impacts of Hybrid, Plug-In Hybrid, and Battery Electric Vehicles - What Can We Learn from Life Cycle Assessment? International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 19 11 1866 1890 2014 10.1007/s11367-014-0788-0
- Edwards , R. , Larivé , J.-F. , Rickeard , D. , and Weindorf , W. 2014 10.2790/95629
- Armijo , J. and Philibert , C. 2019 10.13140/RG.2.2.36547.66081
- Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy, (BEIS) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2019 Nov. 2019
- Energía Abierta http://energiaabierta.cl/sustentabilidad/?lang=en Nov. 2019
- Schlomer , S. , Bruckner , T. , Fulton , L. , Hertwich , E. et al. Annex III: Technology-Specific Cost and Performance Parameters Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 1329 1356 2014 https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415416.025