This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Analysis of In-Cylinder Flow and Cycle-to-Cycle Flow Variations in a Small Spark-Ignition Engine at Different Throttle Openings
Technical Paper
2020-01-0793
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Flow variations from one cycle to the next significantly influence the mixture formation and combustion processes in engines. Therefore, it is important to understand the fluid motion and its cycle-to-cycle variations (CCVs) inside the engine cylinder. Researchers have generally investigated the cycle-to-cycle flow variations in moderate- to large-sized engines. In the present work, we have performed the flow measurement and analysis in a small spark-ignition engine. Experiments are conducted in an optically accessible, single-cylinder, port-fuel-injection engine with displacement volume of 110 cm3 at different throttle openings (i.e. 50% and WOT) using particle image velocimetry. Images are captured at different crank angle positions during both intake and compression strokes over a tumble measurement plane, bisecting the intake and exhaust valves and passing through the cylinder axis. The histograms of vorticity are used as a metric for the quantification of cycle-to-cycle flow variations. It is found that for wide-open (i.e. 100%) throttle, cycle-to-cycle variations first increased from 76 CAD (after TDC of intake) to a maximum value at about 118 CAD, and then decreased during the late intake and early compression to a minimum at about 232 CAD for measured crank angle degrees. Results also showed that cycle-to-cycle variations for 50% and wide-open throttle conditions were comparable for all measured CADs. This similarity between 50% and WOT conditions based on histograms of vorticity was found to be consistent with turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) results. In addition, CFD simulations are also performed using CONVERGE software, and a great resemblance is observed between CFD simulations and experimental results for both 50% and WOT conditions.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Alam, A., Mittal, M., and Lakshminarasimhan, V., "Analysis of In-Cylinder Flow and Cycle-to-Cycle Flow Variations in a Small Spark-Ignition Engine at Different Throttle Openings," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0793, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0793.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 |
Also In
References
- Kim , H. and Lee , K.J. An Investigation on the Fuel Behavior for a PFI Type Motorcycle Engine Mech Sci Technol 23 2507 2009 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-009-0714-8
- Zhao , F. , Lai , M. , and Harrington , D. A Review of Mixture Preparation and Combustion Control Strategies for Spark-Ignited Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines SAE Technical Paper 970627 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/970627
- Zhao , H. 2010 https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845697327.1
- Iwamoto , Y. , Noma , K. , Nakayama , O. , Yamauchi , T. et al. Development of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine SAE Technical Paper 970541 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/970541
- Mendez , S. and Thirouard , B. Using Multiple Injection Strategies in Diesel Combustion: Potential to Improve Emissions, Noise and Fuel Economy Trade-Off in Low CR Engines SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 1 1 662 674 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-1329
- Sick , V. High Speed Imaging in Fundamental and Applied Combustion Research Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 34 3509 3530 2013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2012.08.012
- Sick , V. , Drake , M.C. , and Fansler , T.D. High-Speed Imaging for Direct-Injection Gasoline Engine Research and Development Experiments in Fluids 49 937 947 2010 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0891-3
- Heywood , J.B. Fluid Motion within the Cylinder of Internal Combustion Engines - The 1986 Freeman Scholar Lecture ASME. J. Fluids Eng. 109 1 3 35 1987 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3242612
- Arcoumanis , C. and Whitelaw , J.H. Fluid Mechanics of Internal Combustion Engines - A Review Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 201 1 57 74 1987 https://doi.org/10.1243/PIME_PROC_1987_201_087_02
- Nagao , A. and Tanaka , K. The Effect of Swirl Control on Combustion Improvement of Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 834054 1983 https://doi.org/10.4271/834054
- Gorczakowski , A. and Jarosinski , J. The Phenomena of Flame Propagation in a Cylindrical Combustion Chamber with a Swirling Mixture SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0195 2000 https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0195
- Thomas , A. Flame Development in Spark-Ignition Engines Combustion and Flame 50 305 322 1983 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(83)90072-X
- Pachernegg , S. Heat Flow in Engine Pistons SAE Technical Paper 670928 1967 https://doi.org/10.4271/670928
- Hall , M. The Influence of Fluid Motion on Flame Kernel Development and Cyclic Variation in a Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 890991 1989 https://doi.org/10.4271/890991
- Young , M.B. Cyclic Dispersion - Some Quantitative Cause-and-Effect Relationships SAE Technical Paper 800459 1980 https://doi.org/10.4271/800459
- Reuss , D.L. , Adrian , R. , Landreth , C.C. , French , D.T. et al. Instantaneous Planar Measurements of Velocity and Large-Scale Vorticity and Strain Rate in an Engine Using Particle-Image Velocimetry SAE Technical Paper 890616 1989 https://doi.org/10.4271/890616
- Mittal , M. , Sadr , R. , Schock , H. , Fedewa , A. et al. In-Cylinder Engine Flow Measurement Using Stereoscopic Molecular Tagging Velocimetry (SMTV) Exp. Fluids 46 277 284 2009 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-008-0557-6
- Vedula , R. , Mittal , M. , and Schock , H.J. Molecular Tagging Velocimetry and Its Application to In-Cylinder Flow Measurements ASME. J. Fluids Eng. 135 12 121203 2013 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4025170
- Bicen , A.F. , Vafidis , C. , and Whitelaw , J.H. Steady and Unsteady Airflow through the Intake Valve of a Reciprocating Engine ASME. J. Fluids Eng. 107 3 413 420 1985 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3242502
- Hall , M. and Bracco , F. A Study of Velocities and Turbulence Intensities Measured in Firing and Motored Engines SAE Technical Paper 870453 1987 https://doi.org/10.4271/870453
- Marc , D. , Boree , J. , Bazile , R. , and Charnay , G. Tumbling Vortex Flow in a Model Square Piston Compression Machine: PIV and LDV Measurements SAE Technical Paper 972834 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/972834
- Adrian , R.J. Twenty years of particle image velocimetry Experiments in Fluids 39 159 169 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-005-0991-7
- Wieneke , B. Stereo-PIV Using Self-Calibration on Particle Images Experiments in Fluids 39 267 280 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-005-0962-z
- Elsinga , G.E. , Wieneke , B. , Scarano , F. , and Schröder , A. Tomographic 3D-PIV and Applications Particle Image Velocimetry. Topics in Applied Physics 112 Berlin Springer 2007
- Abraham , P. , Reuss , D. , and Sick , V. High-Speed Particle Image Velocimetry Study of In-Cylinder Flows with Improved Dynamic Range SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0542 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0542
- Wang , Y. , Hung , D.L.S. , Zhuang , H. , and Xu , M. Cycle-to-Cycle Analysis of Swirl Flow Fields inside a Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection Engine Cylinder Using High-Speed Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0637 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0637
- Müller , S.H.R. , Böhm , B. , Gleißner , M. , Grzeszik , R. et al. Flow Field Measurements in an Optically Accessible, Direct-Injection Spray-Guided Internal Combustion Engine Using High-Speed PIV Experiments in Fluids 48 281 290 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-009-0742-2
- Stansfield , P. , Wigley , G. , Justham , T. , Catto , J. et al. PIV Analysis of In-Cylinder Flow Structures over a Range of Realistic Engine Speeds Experiments in Fluids 43 135 146 2007 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-007-0335-x
- da Costa , R.B.R. , Braga , R.M. , Júnior , C.A.G. , Valle , R.M. et al. PIV Measurements and Numerical Analysis of In-Cylinder Tumble Flow in a Motored Engine J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 39 3931 3945 2017 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-017-0878-6
- Huang , R.F. , Huang , C.W. , Chang , S.B. , Yang , H.S. et al. Topological Flow Evolutions In-Cylinder of a Motored Engine during Intake and Compression Strokes Journal of Fluids and Structures 20 105 127 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2004.09.002
- Haworth , D. , El Tahry , S. , Huebler , M. , and Chang , S. Multidimensional Port-and-Cylinder Flow Calculations for Two- and Four-Valve-Per-Cylinder Engines: Influence of Intake Configuration on Flow Structure SAE Technical Paper 900257 1990 https://doi.org/10.4271/900257
- Shinde , G. , Mittal , M. , and Lakshminarasimhan , V. A Study of Cycle-to-Cycle Flow Variations in a Small Spark-Ignition Engine at Low Throttle Opening SAE Technical Paper 2018-32-0035 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-32-0035
- Ismailov , M.M. , Schock , H.J. , and Fedewa , A.M. Gaseous Flow Measurements in an Internal Combustion Engine Assembly Using Molecular Tagging Velocimetry Experiments in Fluids 41 57 65 2006 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-006-0150-9
- Tsiogkas , V.D. , Chraniotis , A. , Kolokotronis , D. , and Tourlidakis , A. In-Cylinder Flow Measurements in a Transparent Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 2019-24-0099 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0099
- Garg , S. , Mittal , M. , Sahu , S. , and Lakshminarasimhan , V. PLIF Imaging of Fuel Distribution in a Small PFI Spark-Ignition Engine 12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion (ASPACC-2019) Fukuoka, Japan 2019
- Duncan , J. , Dabiri , D. , Hove , J. , and Gharib , M. Universal Outlier Detection for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) Data Meas Sci Technol. 21 2010 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/21/5/057002
- Mittal , M. and Schock , H.J. A Study of Cycle-to-Cycle Variations and the Influence of Charge Motion Control on In-Cylinder Flow in an IC Engine ASME. J. Fluids Eng. 132 5 051107 2010 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4001617
- Schock , H. , Shen , Y. , Timm , E. , Stuecken , T. et al. The Measurement and Control of Cyclic Variations of Flow in a Piston Cylinder Assembly 2003 SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1357 https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1357
- Li , Y. , Zhao , H. , Peng , Z. , and Ladommatos , N. Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement of In-Cylinder Flow in Internal Combustion Engines-Experiment and Flow Structure Analysis Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216 1 65 81 2010 https://doi.org/10.1243/0954407021528913
- CONVERGE
- Rathinam , B. , Ravet , F. , Servant , C. , Delahaye , L. et al. Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Tumble Motion on an Optical Single Cylinder Engine SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1698 2015 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1698
- Brunt , M. and Pond , C. Evaluation of Techniques for Absolute Cylinder Pressure Correction SAE Technical Paper 970036 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/970036
- Chryssakis , A. , Assanis , N. , Kook , S. , and Bae , C. Effect of Multiple Injections on Fuel-Air Mixing and Soot Formation in Diesel Combustion Using Direct Flame Visualization and CFD Techniques Proceedings of the ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference 2005 171 180 https://doi.org/10.1115/ICES2005-1016
- Towers , D.P. and Towers , C. Cyclic Variability Measurements of In-Cylinder Engine Flows Using High-Speed Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement Science and Technology 15 1917 2004 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/15/9/032