This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Quantitative High Speed Stability Assessment of a Sports Utility Vehicle and Classification of Wind Gust Profiles
Technical Paper
2020-01-0677
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The automotive trends of vehicles with lower aerodynamic drag and more powerful drivetrains have caused increasing concern regarding stability issues at high speeds, since more streamlined bodies show greater sensitivity to crosswinds. This is especially pronounced for high vehicles, such as sports utility vehicles. Besides, the competitiveness in the automotive industry requires faster development times and, thus, a need to evaluate the high speed stability performance in an early design phase, preferable using simulation tools. The usefulness of these simulation tools partly relies on realistic boundary conditions for the wind and quantitative measures for assessing stability without the subjective evaluation of experienced drivers. This study employs an on-road experimental measurements setup to define relevant wind conditions and to find an objective methodology to evaluate high speed stability. The paper focuses on the events in proximity to the drivers’ subjective triggers of instability. Wind direction and magnitude, vehicle motion response, along with the subjective event triggering were measured at different conditions of the natural wind. A statistical approach was utilized to analyze the correlation between the vehicle response and subjective triggers together with the wind conditions. A correlation was established between the subjective triggers and a rapid change in lateral acceleration and yaw velocity response. The paper also proposes a set of four crosswind gust profiles of interest for driving stability, combining results from previous research and the experimental data of the natural wind obtained in this study. These findings can be used as objective measures for virtually assessing stability performance and as realistic boundary conditions for simulating wind gusts.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Brandt, A., Sebben, S., Jacobson, B., Preihs, E. et al., "Quantitative High Speed Stability Assessment of a Sports Utility Vehicle and Classification of Wind Gust Profiles," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0677, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0677.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| [Unnamed Dataset 1] | ||
| [Unnamed Dataset 2] | ||
| [Unnamed Dataset 3] | ||
| [Unnamed Dataset 4] | ||
| [Unnamed Dataset 5] | ||
| [Unnamed Dataset 6] | ||
| [Unnamed Dataset 7] | ||
| [Unnamed Dataset 8] |
Also In
References
- Baker, C.J. and R eynolds, S., “Wind-Induced Accidents of Road Vehicles,” Accident Analysis & Prevention 24(6):559-575, 1992, doi:10.1016/0001-4575(92)90009-8.
- Kumar, A., Sebben, S., Sällström, E., Jacobson, B.J.H. et al., “Analysis of Subjective Qualitative Judgement of Passenger Vehicle High Speed Drivability due to Aerodynamics,” Energies 12(14), 2019, doi:10.3390/en12142839.
- Howell, J. and Panigrahi, S., “Aerodynamic Side Forces on Passenger Cars at Yaw,” SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1620, 2016, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1620.
- Hucho, W.-H., Aerodynamics of Road VehiclesFourth Edition (SAE International, 1998).
- MacAdam, C.C., Sayers, M.W., Pointer, J.D., and Gleason, M., “Crosswind Sensitivity of Passenger Cars and the Influence of Chassis and Aerodynamic Properties on Driver Preferences,” Vehicle System Dynamics 19(4):201-236, 1990, doi:10.1080/00423119008968942.
- Barth, R., “Effect of Unsymmetrical Wind Incidence on Aerodynamic Forces Acting on Vehicle Models and Similar Bodies,” SAE Technical Paper 650136, 1965, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/650136.
- Milliken, W.F., Dell’Amico, F., and Rice, R.S., “The Static Directional Stability and Control of the Automobile,” SAE Technical Paper 760712, 1976, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/760712.
- Buchheim, R., Maretzke, J., and Piatek, R., “The Control of Aerodynamic Parameters Influencing Vehicle Dynamics,” SAE Technical Paper 850279, 1985, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/850279.
- Howell, J. and Le Good, G., “The Influence of Aerodynamic Lift on High Speed Stability,” SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0651, 1999, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-0651.
- Windsor, S. and Le Good, G., “The Influence of Aerodynamic Lift on High Speed Stability,” in: Autotech 93, Vol. 01, 8-8.
- Sims-Williams, D., “Cross Winds and Transients: Reality, Simulation and Effects,” SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 4(1):172-183, 2011, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0172.
- Chadwick, A., Garry, K., and Howell, J., “Transient Aerodynamic Characteristics of Simple Vehicle Shapes by the Measurement of Surface Pressures,” SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0876, 2000, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0876.
- Hucho, W.H. and Emmelmann, H.J., “Theoretical Prediction of the Aerodynamic Derivatives of a Vehicle in Cross Wind Gusts,” SAE Technical Paper 730232, 1973, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/730232.
- Cooper, K.R. and Watkins, S., “The Unsteady Wind Environment of Road Vehicles, Part One: A Review of the On-road Turbulent Wind Environment,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1236, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1236.
- Wordley, S. and Saunders, J.W., “On-Road Turbulence,” SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 1(1):341-360, 2008, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0475.
- Wordley, S. and Saunders, J.W., “On-Road Turbulence: Part 2,” SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 2(1):111-137, 2009, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0002.
- Watkins, S. and Cooper, K.R., “The Unsteady Wind Environment of Road Vehicles, Part Two: Effects on Vehicle Development and Simulation of Turbulence,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1237, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1237.
- Wagner, A. and Wiedemann, J., “Crosswind Behavior in the Driver’s Perspective,” SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0086, 2002, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0086.
- Theissen, P., “Unsteady Vehicle Aerodynamics in Gusty Crosswind,” Ph.D. thesis, Technical University of Munich, 2012.
- Fukagawa, T., Shimokawa, S., Itakura, E., Nakatani, H. et al., “Modeling of Transient Aerodynamic Forces based on Crosswind Test,” SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 9(2):572-582, 2016, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1577.
- Nakasato, K., Tsubokura, M., Ikeda, J., Onishi, K. et al., “Coupled 6DoF Motion and Aerodynamic Crosswind Simulation Incorporating Driver Model,” SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 10(2):662-670, 2017, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1525.
- Lewington, N., Ohra-aho, L., Lange, O., and Rudnik, K., “The Application of a One-Way Coupled Aerodynamic and Multi-Body Dynamics Simulation Process to Predict Vehicle Response during a Severe Crosswind Event,” SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-1515, 2017, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1515.
- “ISO 12021:2010 Road Vehicles - Sensitivity to Lateral Wind - Open-Loop Test Method Using Wind Generator Input,” International Organization for Standardization, 2010.
- Favre, T. and Efraimsson, G., “An Assessment of Detached-Eddy Simulations of Unsteady Crosswind Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles,” Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 87(1):133-163, 2011, doi:10.1007/s10494-011-9333-4.
- Favre, T., “Aerodynamics Simulations of Ground Vehicles in Unsteady Crosswind,” Ph.D. thesis, Royal University of Technology, 2011.
- Forbes, D.C., Page, G.J., Passmore, M.A., and Gaylard, A.P., “A Fully Coupled, 6 Degree-of-Freedom, Aerodynamic and Vehicle Handling Crosswind Simulation Using the DrivAer Model,” SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 9(2), 2016, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1601.
- Carbonne, L., Winkler, N., and Efraimsson, G., “Use of Full Coupling of Aerodynamics and Vehicle Dynamics for Numerical Simulation of the Crosswind Stability of Ground Vehicles,” SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh. 9(2):359-370, 2016, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-8148.
- Huang, T., Li, S., Wan, Z., and Gu, Z., “Investigation of Vehicle Stability under Crosswind Conditions Based on Coupling Methods,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2019, doi:10.1177/0954407018822424.
- Wojciak, J., “Quantitative Analysis of Vehicle Aerodynamics during Crosswind Gusts,” Ph.D. thesis, Technical University of Munich, 2012.
- Chandrasekaran, K., Rao, N., Palraj, S., Kurella, C. et al., “Objective Drivability Evaluation on Compact SUV and Comparison with Subjective Drivability,” SAE Technical Paper 650136, 2017, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-26-0153.
- Willumeit, H.P., Müller, K., Dödlbacher, G., and Matheis, A., “Method to Correlate Vehicular Behaviour and Driver’s Judgement under Side Wind Disturbances,” Vehicle System Dynamics 17:508-524, 1988, doi:10.1080/00423118808969292.
- Aeroprobe Corporation, “Standard Probe User Manual,” Document No. 90001-02-UMN-02, 2015.
- Schuetz, T., Aerodynamics of Road VehiclesFifth Edition (2015), doi:10.4271/r-430.
- Dewesoft GmbH, DS-IMU/Gyro User Manual,” 2013.
- Feldt, R., “BlackBoxOptim.jl,” https://github.com/robertfeldt/BlackBoxOptim.jl, 2018.