This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Aerodynamic Sensitivity Analysis of Tire Shape Factors
Technical Paper
2020-01-0669
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
It is well known that the wheels and tires account for approximately 25% of the overall aerodynamic drag of a vehicle. This is because the contribution of the tires to aerodynamic drag stems from not only aerodynamic drag itself directly caused by exposure to the main flow (tire CD), but also from aerodynamic drag indirectly caused by the interference between tire wakes and the upper body flow (body CD). In the literature, as far as the authors are aware, there have been no reports that have included the following all four aspects at once: (1) CD sensitivity to detailed tire shape factors; (2) CD sensitivity differences due to different vehicle body types; (3) CD sensitivity for each aerodynamic drag component, i.e., tire CD and body CD; (4) Flow structure and mechanism contributing to each aerodynamic drag component. The purpose of this study was to clarify CD sensitivity to tire shape factors for tire CD and body CD considering two different vehicle body types, sedan and SUV. In wind tunnel testing, many tire configurations were prepared for a parametric study. Detailed shape factors of each tire were three-dimensionally measured by laser beam scanning in the test section taking into account tire deformation. For decomposing the aerodynamic drag components, measurements were made of CD and also the pressure at the vehicle base in the tests. For analyzing the mechanism causing CD differences, flow fields were obtained by measuring the surface pressure on the test vehicles and also the spatial pressure and velocity were measured at cross sections of the body side. Multiple regression analyses clarified CD sensitivity to tire shape factors for tire CD and body CD with respect to the sedan and SUV body types. This study revealed high CD sensitivity factors that were independent of exterior styling. Furthermore, analyses of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results identified the flow fields contributing to each aerodynamic drag component, tire CD and body CD.
Authors
Citation
Kurachi, S., Kawamata, H., Hirose, K., Suzuki, S. et al., "Aerodynamic Sensitivity Analysis of Tire Shape Factors," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0669, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0669.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 6 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 7 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 8 |
Also In
References
- Nishino , K. March 2017 https://www.mitsui.com/mgssi/en/report/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2017/05/25/170315i_nishino_e.pdf
- International Energy Agency 2019 https://webstore.iea.org/global-ev-outlook-2019
- Cox Automotive June 2017 https://www.eia.gov/conference/2017/pdf/presentations/rebecca_lindland.pdf
- Kawamata , H. , Kuroda , S. , Tanaka , S. , and Oshima , M. Improvement of Practical Electric Consumption by Drag Reducing under Cross Wind SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1626 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1626
- Wickern , G. , Zwicker , K. , and Pfadenhauer , M. Rotating Wheels - Their Impact on Wind Tunnel Test Techniques and on Vehicle Drag Results SAE Technical Paper 970133 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/970133
- Hirose , K. , Kawamata , H. , and Oshima , M. Aerodynamic Sensitivity Analysis of Wheel Shape Factors SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility 1 3 1300 1310 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0667
- Mlinaric , P. and Sebben , S. Investigation of the Influence of Tyre Deflection and Tyre Contact Patch on CFD Predictions of Aerodynamic Forces on a Passenger Car 7th MIRA International Vehicle Aerodynamics Conference 2008
- Kawamura , T. , Kuratani , N. , Ambo , K. , Osawa , Y. , Kobayakawa , A. , Takeuchi , K. , and Tsubokura , M. Effects of Rotating Tire, Wheel and Front Strake on the Aerodynamic Drag Under Moving Ground JSAE Annual Congress 20175135 2017
- Wittmeier , F. , Widdecke , N. , and Wiedemann , J. 2013
- Kulak , M. , Karczewski , M. , and Spolaore , G. Flow around Rotating Wheels and Its Interaction with Vehicle Aerodynamics - CFD vs. Wind Tunnel Tests FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 2014
- Hobeika , T. and Sebben , S. Tyre Pattern Features and Their Effects on Passenger Vehicle Drag SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 11 5 401 413 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0710
- Landstrom , C. , Josefsson , L. , Walker , T. , and Lofdahl , L. Aerodynamic Effects of Different Tire Models on a Sedan Type Passenger Car SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 5 1 136 151 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0169
- Hobeika , T. , Sebben , S. , and Landstrom , C. Investigation of the Influence of Tyre Geometry on the Aerodynamics of Passenger Cars SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 6 1 316 325 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0955
- Waudby-Smith , P. , Bender , T. , and Vigneron , R. The GIE S2A Full-Scale Aero-acoustic Wind Tunnel SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0808 2004 https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0808
- Cogotti , A. A Strategy for Optimum Surveys of Passenger-Car Flow Fields SAE Technical Paper 890374 1989 https://doi.org/10.4271/890374
- Machida , K. , Kaneko , M. , and Ogawa , A. Aerodynamic Development of the New Honda FIT/JAZZ SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1535 2015 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1535
- Stellato , M. and Betti , L. FCA Full Scale Wind Tunnel: WLTP and Coast Down Test Performed With Wind Tunnel Method SAE Technical Paper 2018-37-0017 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-37-0017
- Wittmeier , F. , Link , A. , Kuthada , T. , and Wiedemann , J. The Measurement of Ventilation Drag in an Aerodynamic Wind Tunnel JSAE Annual Congress 20175129 2017
- Landström , C. , Walker , T. , and Löfdahl , L. Effects of Ground Simulation on the Aerodynamic Coefficients of a Production Car in Yaw Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0755 2010 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0755
- JUSE-StatWorks http://sns.dousoukai.eng.mie-u.ac.jp/manual/bunkatsu/index.html
- Miura , H. and Kida , S. Identification of Tubular Vortices in Turbulence J. Phys. Soc. Japan 66 5 1331 1334 1997 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.66.1331
- Sofie , K. , Adrian , G. , and Gianluca , O. An Investigation of Wheel Aerodynamic Effects for a Saloon Car 10th FKFS Conference 2015
- Crouse , B. , Freed , D. , Senthooran , S. , Ullrich , F. et al. Analysis of Underbody Windnoise Sources on a Production Vehicle Using a Lattice Boltzmann Scheme SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-2400 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-2400
- Jeong , J. and Hussain , F. On the Identification of a Vortex Journal of Fluid Mechanics 285 69 94 1995
- David , D. , Arnan , S. , and Yuval , L. Graphical Visualization of Vortical Flows by Means of Helicity AIAA Journal 28 8 1347 1352 August 1990