This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Electric Vehicle Cold Start Range Estimation through Battery-in-Loop Simulations within a Virtual Driving Environment
Technical Paper
2020-01-0453
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have become a research focus in the field of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, due to key advantages such as high specific energy, high energy density and low self-discharge rate in comparison with other battery technologies. Nevertheless, key issues involving safety, performance, cost, charging time and durability restrict mass market adoption of electric vehicles. Cold-temperature operation of Li-ion batteries is currently a subject of major research efforts. The effects of low temperature reduce the available energy of the battery and increase its internal impedance. Moreover, Li-ion batteries experience serious degradation mechanisms at low temperatures, strongly affecting performance, which poses difficulties for cold-climate countries. In this work, a battery-in-the-loop experiment has been set up to estimate and analyze Li-ion battery cold start ranges at temperatures down to -40 °C. This experimental setup is connected to the open integration and test platform CarMaker from IPG Automotive to evaluate cold start range both through standardized automotive duty cycles and within a virtual test environment designed to replicate real-world test driving. In addition, a non-isothermal equivalent circuit battery model has been developed in CarMaker for Simulink and validated against experimental data. Effects of cold temperatures on the capacity and power fade of Li-ion battery technology are studied, as well as important thermal aspects, including effects of changing battery heat transfer coefficient to replicate different thermal management strategies. Range discrepancies between standardized duty cycles and a representative driving environment are also explored. Overall, this work contributes to identify key improvements in Li-ion battery thermal management for performance and durability enhancement during cold start.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Numerical Investigation on Various Layouts of Phase Change Materials Based Battery Module Used in Electric Vehicles |
| Ground Vehicle Standard | Battery Thermal Management |
| Journal Article | HEV Battery Pack Thermal Management Design and Packaging Solutions |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Sarmiento-Carnevali, M., Fly, A., and Piecha, P., "Electric Vehicle Cold Start Range Estimation through Battery-in-Loop Simulations within a Virtual Driving Environment," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0453, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0453.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Ma , S. , Jiang , M. , Tao , P. , Song , C. et al. Temperature Effect and Thermal Impact in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 28 1 653 666 2018 10.1016/j.pnsc.2018.11.002
- Gao , F. and Tang , Z. Kinetic Behavior of LiFePO4/C Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Electrochimica Acta 53 15 5071 5075 2008 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.10.069
- Zhang , S. , Xu , K. , and Jow , T. The Low Temperature Performance of Li-Ion Batteries Journal of Power Sources 115 1 137 140 2003 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00618-3
- Cabañero , M. , Altmann , J. , Gold , L. , Boaretto , N. et al. Investigation of the Temperature Dependence of Lithium Plating Onset Conditions in Commercial Li-Ion Batteries Energy 171 1 1217 1228 2019 10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.017
- Petzl , M. , Kasper , M. , and Danzer , M. Lithium Plating in a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery - A Low-Temperature Aging Study Journal of Power Sources 275 1 799 807 2015 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.065
- Mohamad , A. and Shabani , B. An Experimental Study of a Lithium Ion Cell Operation at Low Temperature Conditions Energy Procedia 110 1 128 135 2017 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.117
- Sun , B. , Chen , Z. , Kim , H. , Ahn , H. et al. MnO/C Core-Shell Nanorods as High Capacity Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries Journal of Power Sources 196 6 3346 3349 2011 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.090
- Li , Y. , Li , Q. , and Tan , Z. A Review of Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Separators for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries Journal of Power Sources 443 1 227 262 2019 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227262
- Costa , C. , Lee , Y. , Kim , J. , Lee , S. et al. Recent Advances on Separator Membranes for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications: From Porous Membranes to Solid Electrolytes Energy Storage Materials 22 1 346 375 2019 10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.024
- Opra , D. , Gnedenkov , S. , and Sinebryukhov , S. Recent Efforts in Design of TiO2(B) Anodes for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review Journal of Power Sources 442 1 227225 2019 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227225
- Jaguemont , J. , Boulon , L. , and Dubé , Y. A Comprehensive Review of Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles at Cold Temperatures Applied Energy 164 99 114 2016
- Ji , Y. and Wang , C.Y. Heating Strategies for Li-Ion Batteries Operated from Subzero Temperatures Electrochimica Acta 107 664 674 2013 doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.147
- Fan , R. , Zhang , C. , Wang , Y. , Ji , C. et al. Numerical Study on the Effects of Battery Heating in Cold Climate Journal of Energy Storage 26 100969 2019 doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.100969
- Lain , M. , Brandon , J. , and Kendrick , E. Design Strategies for High Power Vs. High Energy Lithium Ion Cells Batteries 5 64 2019 10.3390/batteries5040064
- Berg , H. Batteries for Electric Vehicles - Materials and Electrochemistry Cambridge University Press 2015
- Huria , T. , Ceraolo , M. , Gazzarri , J. , and Jackey , R. High Fidelity Electrical Model with Thermal Dependence for Characterization and Simulation of High-Power Lithium Battery Cells IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference Greenville, SC 2015 10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183271
- McTurk , E. , Amietszajew , T. , Fleming , J. , and Bhagat , R. Thermo-Electrochemical Instrumentation of Cylindrical Li-Ion Cells Journal of Power Sources 379 1 309 316 2018 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.060
- Maleki , H. , Al , H.S. , Dinwiddie , S.J. , and R., et al. Thermal Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery and Components Journal of The Electrochemical Society 146 3 947 954 1999 10.1149/1.1391704