This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Experimental Investigation of the Compression Ignition Process of High Reactivity Gasoline Fuels and E10 Certification Gasoline using a High-Pressure Direct Injection Gasoline Injector
Technical Paper
2020-01-0323
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) technology shows the potential to obtain high thermal efficiencies while maintaining low soot and NOx emissions in light-duty engine applications. Recent experimental studies and numerical simulations have indicated that high reactivity gasoline-like fuels can further enable the benefits of GCI combustion. However, there is limited empirical data in the literature studying the gasoline compression ignition process at relevant in-cylinder conditions, which are required for further optimizing combustion system designs. This study investigates the temporal and spatial evolution of the compression ignition process of various high reactivity gasoline fuels with research octane numbers (RON) of 71, 74 and 82, as well as a conventional RON 97 E10 gasoline fuel. A ten-hole prototype gasoline injector specifically designed for GCI applications capable of injection pressures up to 450 bar was used. Vapor and liquid penetration from high speed optical visualizations, as well as combustion measurement were studied in an optically accessible constant volume spray and combustion chamber. Near simultaneous shadowgraph and Mie scattering images were captured to investigate the spray characteristics. OH* chemiluminescence and natural luminosity images were recorded simultaneously to characterize the ignition process through two high-speed cameras. The experiments were conducted under a wide range of ambient charge gas conditions, including temperatures from 900 to 1200 Kelvin, charge gas pressures from 50 to 100 bar, oxygen levels from 10-21% to represent 0-50% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) levels. The fuel was injected at 300 and 450 bar injection pressure. Results show that vapor penetration of the E10 and high reactivity gasoline fuels are similar, and the liquid penetration is related to the fuel density. With the OH* chemiluminescence images analysis, the ignition delay decreases, and the flame lift-off length moves upstream towards the injector tip with increasing ambient temperature, increasing charge gas pressure, increasing cetane number and decreasing EGR level. A gasoline ignition delay correlation and a lift-off length correlation considering the charge gas conditions and the fuel properties have been achieved.
Recommended Content
Authors
- Jiongxun Zhang - Michigan Technological University
- Meng Tang - Michigan Technological University
- William Atkinson - Michigan Technological University
- Henry Schmidt - Michigan Technological University
- Seong-Young Lee - Michigan Technological University
- Jeffrey Naber - Michigan Technological University
- Tom Tzanetakis - Aramco Services Co.
- Jaeheon Sim - Saudi Aramco
Topic
Citation
Zhang, J., Tang, M., Atkinson, W., Schmidt, H. et al., "Experimental Investigation of the Compression Ignition Process of High Reactivity Gasoline Fuels and E10 Certification Gasoline using a High-Pressure Direct Injection Gasoline Injector," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0323, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0323.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 4 |
Also In
References
- https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/energy-outlook/bp-energy-outlook-2019.pdf
- Onishi , S. , Jo , S. , Shoda , K. , Jo , P. et al. Active Thermo-Atmosphere Combustion (ATAC) - a New Combustion Process for Internal Combustion Engines SAE Technical Paper 790501 1979 https://doi.org/10.4271/790501
- Thring , R. Homogeneous-Charge Compression-Ignition (HCCI) Engines SAE Technical Paper 892068 1989 https://doi.org/10.4271/892068
- Yao , M. , Zheng , Z. , and Liu , H. Progress and Recent Trends in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines Progress in energy and combustion science 35 5 398 437 2009
- Kalghatgi , G. Auto-Ignition Quality of Practical Fuels and Implications for Fuel Requirements of Future SI and HCCI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0239 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0239
- Kalghatgi , G. , Risberg , P. , and Ångström , H. Advantages of Fuels with High Resistance to Auto-Ignition in Late-Injection, Low-Temperature, Compression Ignition Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3385 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-3385
- Kalghatgi , G. , Risberg , P. , and Ångström , H. Partially Pre-Mixed Auto-Ignition of Gasoline to Attain Low Smoke and Low NOx at High Load in a Compression Ignition Engine and Comparison with a Diesel Fuel SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0006 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0006
- Manente , V. , Johansson , B. , and Tunestal , P. Partially Premixed Combustion at High Load Using Gasoline and Ethanol, Comparison with Diesel SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0944 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0944
- Weall , A. and Collings , N. Gasoline Fuelled Partially Premixed Compression Ignition in a Light Duty Multi Cylinder Engine: A Study of Low Load and Low Speed Operation SAE Int. J. Engines 2 1 1574 1586 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1791
- Ra , Y. , Yun , J.E. , and Reitz , R. Numerical Parametric Study of Diesel Engine Operation with Gasoline Comb. Sci. and Tech. 181 350 378 2009
- Kokjohn , S.L. , Hanson , R.M. , Splitter , D.A. , and Reitz , R.D. Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI): A Pathway to Controlled High-Efficiency Clean Combustion International Journal of Engine Research 12 3 209 226 2011
- Kokjohn , S. , Hanson , R. , Splitter , D. , Kaddatz , J. , and Reitz , R. Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Combustion in Light-and Heavy-Duty Engines SAE International Journal of Engines 4 1 360 374 2011 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0357
- Reitz , R.D. and Duraisamy , G. Review of High Efficiency and Clean Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 46 12 71 2015
- Sellnau , M. , Foster , M. , Moore , W. , Sinnamon , J. et al. Pathway to 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency Using Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility 1 4 1581 1603 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1154
- Hildingsson , L. , Kalghatgi , G. , Tait , N. , Johansson , B. et al. Fuel Octane Effects in the Partially Premixed Combustion Regime in Compression Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-2648 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2648
- Manente , V. , Johansson , B. , and Cannella , W. Gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion, the Future of Internal Combustion Engines? International Journal of Engine Research 12 3 194 208 June 2011 10.1177/1468087411402441
- http://www.bosch.co.jp/tms2015/en/products/pdf/Bosch_di_folder_HDEV5.pdf
- Eichler , F. , Demmelbauer-Ebner , W. , Theobald , J. , Stiebels , B. et al. The New EA211 TSI® Evo from Volkswagen 37th Vienna Motor Symposium 2016
- Kim , K. , Kim , D. , Jung , Y. , and Bae , C. Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Gasoline and Diesel in a Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine Fuel 109 616 626 2013
- Kim , K. , Bae , C. , and Johansson , B. Spray and Combustion Visualization of Gasoline and Diesel under Different Ambient Conditions in a Constant Volume Chamber SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2547 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2547
- Payri , R. , García , A. , Domenech , V. , Durrett , R. , and Plazas , A.H. An Experimental Study of Gasoline Effects on Injection Rate, Momentum Flux and Spray Characteristics Using a Common Rail Diesel Injection System Fuel 97 390 399 2012
- Tang , M. , Zhang , J. , Menucci , T. , Schmidt , H. , Lee , S.-Y. , Naber , J. , and Tzanetakis , T. Experimental Investigation of Spray Characteristics of High Reactivity Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Using a Heavy-Duty Single-Hole Injector, Part I: Non-reacting, Non-Vaporizing Sprays Conf. Liq. At. Spray Syst. Atlanta, GA 2017
- Zhang , J. , Tang , M. , Menucci , T. , Schmidt , H. , Lee , S.-Y. , Naber , J. , and Tzanetakis , T. Experimental Investigation of Spray Characteristics of High Reactivity Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Using a Heavy-Duty Single-Hole Injector, Part II: Non-reacting, Vaporizing Sprays Conf. Liq. At. Spray Syst. Atlanta, GA 2017
- Du , J. , Mohan , B. , Sim , J. , Fang , T. , and Roberts , W.L. Macroscopic Non-Reacting Spray Characterization of Gasoline Compression Ignition Fuels in a Constant Volume Chamber Fuel 255 115818 2019
- Naber , J. and Siebers , D. Effects of Gas Density and Vaporization on Penetration and Dispersion of Diesel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 960034 1996 https://doi.org/10.4271/960034
- Siebers , D. , Higgins , B. , and Pickett , L. Flame Lift-off on Direct-Injection Diesel Fuel Jets: Oxygen Concentration Effects SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0890 2002 https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0890
- Otsu , N. A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 9 1 62 66 1979
- Siebers , D. Scaling Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration in Diesel Sprays Based on Mixing-Limited Vaporization SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0528 1999 https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-0528
- Fujimoto , H. , Shimada , T. , and Sato , G. Study of Diesel Combustion in a Constant Volume Vessel Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng 45 392 599 609 1979
- Hiroyasu , H. , Kadota , T. , and Arai , M. Development and Use of a Spray Combustion Modeling to Predict Diesel Engine Efficiency and Pollutant Emissions: Part 1 Combustion Modeling Bulletin of JSME 26 214 569 575 1983
- Assanis , D.N. , Filipi , Z.S. , Fiveland , S.B. , and Syrimis , M. A Predictive Ignition Delay Correlation under Steady-State and Transient Operation of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 125 2 450 457 2003
- Hardenberg , H.O. and Hase , F.W. An Empirical Formula for Computing the Pressure Rise Delay of a Fuel from its Cetane Number and from the Relevant Parameters of Direct-Injection Diesel Engines SAE Transactions 1823 1834 1979
- Siebers , D. and Higgins , B. Flame Lift-Off on Direct-Injection Diesel Sprays under Quiescent Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0530 400 421 2001 https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-0530
- Benajes , J. , Payri , R. , Bardi , M. , and Martí-Aldaraví , P. Experimental Characterization of Diesel Ignition and Lift-Off Length Using a Single-Hole ECN Injector Applied Thermal Engineering 58 1-2 554 563 2013
- Pickett , L. , Siebers , D. , and Idicheria , C. Relationship between Ignition Processes and the Lift-off Length of Diesel Fuel Jets SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3843 2005 https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3843