This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
LES Modeling Study on Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in a DISI Engine
Technical Paper
2020-01-0242
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The reduction of cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) is a prerequisite for the development and control of spark-ignition engines with increased efficiency and reduced engine-out emissions. To this end, Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) can improve the understanding of stochastic in-cylinder phenomena during the engine design process, if the employed modeling approach is sufficiently accurate. In this work, an inhouse code has been used to investigate CCV in a direct-injected spark ignition (DISI) engine under fuel-lean conditions with respect to a stoichiometric baseline operating point. It is shown that the crank angle when a characteristic fuel mass fraction is burned, e.g. MFB50, correlates with the equivalence ratio computed as a local average in the vicinity of the spark plug. The lean operating point exhibits significant CCV, which are shown to be correlated also with the in-cylinder subfilter-scale (SFS) kinetic energy. To assess the predictive capabilities of the turbulent combustion modeling approach, an engine-relevant Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) dataset of lean premixed flame propagation in homogeneous isotropic turbulence is considered for a-posteriori investigations. LES predictions using the Flame Front/Progress Variable Equation Model are demonstrated to be in good agreement with the DNS results. Integral flame propagation results are shown to be unaffected by the choice of two eddy viscosity models, although noticeable differences in the SFS velocity distributions near the flame front exist between the Dynamic Smagorinsky Model (DSM) and the Coherent Structure Model (CSM).
Authors
- Seongwon Kang - Sogang University
- Tobias Falkenstein - RWTH Aachen University
- Marco Davidovic - RWTH Aachen University
- Antonio Attili - RWTH Aachen University
- Mathis Bode - RWTH Aachen University
- Hongchao Chu - RWTH Aachen University
- Heinz Pitsch - RWTH Aachen University
- Hiroyoshi Taniguchi - Honda R&D Co., Ltd.
Topic
Citation
Falkenstein, T., Davidovic, M., Attili, A., Bode, M. et al., "LES Modeling Study on Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in a DISI Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0242, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0242.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 5 |
Also In
References
- Aleiferis , P. , Taylor , A. , Ishii , K. , and Urata , Y. The Nature of Early Flame Development in a Lean-Burn Stratified-Charge Spark-Ignition Engine Combustion and Flame 136 3 283 302 2004
- Balarac , G. , Pitsch , H. , and Raman , V. Development of a Dynamic Model for the Subfilter Scalar Variance Using the Concept of Optimal Estimators Physics of Fluids 20 3 035114 2008
- Ben-Nasr , O. , Hadjadj , A. , Chaudhuri , A. , and Shadloo , M. Assessment of Subgrid-Scale Modeling for Large-Eddy Simulation of a Spatially-Evolving Compressible Turbulent Boundary Layer Computers & Fluids 151 144 158 2017
- Bird , R.B. , Stewart , W.E. , and Lightfoot , E.N. Transport Phenomena New York John Wiley and Sons 1960
- Borée , J. , Maurel , S. , and Bazile , R. Disruption of a Compressed Vortex Physics of Fluids 14 7 2543 2556 2002
- Buttay , R. , Kulkarni , T. , Attili , A. , and Bisetti , F. Direct Numerical Simulations of Spherically Expanding Turbulent Premixed Flames 16th International Conference on Numerical Combustion Orlando, USA April 3rd-5th, 2017
- Cai , L. and Pitsch , H. Optimized Chemical Mechanism for Combustion of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels Combustion and Flame 162 5 1623 1637 2015
- Chen , C. , Ameen , M.M. , Wei , H. , Iyer , C. et al. LES Analysis on Cycle-to-Cycle Variation of Combustion Process in a DISI Engine SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0006 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0006
- Chen , Z. and Ju , Y. Theoretical Analysis of the Evolution from Ignition Kernel to Flame Ball and Planar Flame Combustion Theory and Modelling 11 3 427 453 2007
- Colin , O. , Benkenida , A. , and Angelberger , C. 3d Modeling of Mixing, Ignition and Combustion Phenomena in Highly Stratified Gasoline Engines Oil & Gas Science and Technology 58 1 47 62 2003
- Colin , O. , Ducros , F. , Veynante , D. , and Poinsot , T. A Thickened Flame Model for Large Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Premixed Combustion Physics of Fluids 12 7 1843 1863 2000
- Dahms , R.N. , Drake , M.C. , Fansler , T.D. , Kuo , T.-W. , and Peters , N. Understanding Ignition Processes in Spray-Guided Gasoline Engines Using High-Speed Imaging and the Extended Spark-Ignition Model SparkCIMM. Part A: Spark Channel Processes and the Turbulent Flame Front Propagation Combustion and Flame 158 11 2229 2244 2011
- Dahms , R. , Fansler , T. , Drake , M. , Kuo , T.-W. et al. Modeling Ignition Phenomena in Spray-Guided Spark-Ignited Engines Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 32 2 2743 2750 2009
- Davidovic , M. , Falkenstein , T. , Bode , M. , Cai , L. et al. LES of n-Dodecane Spray Combustion Using a Multiple Representative Interactive Flamelets Model Oil Gas Science & Technology 72 5 29 2017
- Desjardins , O. , Blanquart , G. , Balarac , G. , and Pitsch , H. High Order Conservative Finite Difference Scheme for Variable Density Low Mach Number Turbulent Flows Journal of Computational Physics 227 15 7125 7159 2008
- Domingo , P. and Vervisch , L. Large Eddy Simulation of Premixed Turbulent Combustion Using Approximate Deconvolution and Explicit Flame Filtering Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 35 2 1349 1357 2015
- Duclos , J. and Colin , O. Arc and Kernel Tracking Ignition Model for 3d Spark-Ignition Engine Calculations The Proceedings of the International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 2001 46
- Enaux , B. , Granet , V. , Vermorel , O. , Lacour , C. et al. LES Study of Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in a Spark Ignition Engine Proc. Combust. Inst. 33 2 3115 3122 2011
- Falkenstein , T. , Bode , M. , Kang , S. , Pitsch , H. et al. Large-Eddy Simulation Study on Unsteady Effects in a Statistically Stationary SI Engine Port Flow SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0373 2015 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0373
- Falkenstein , T. , Kang , S. , Davidovic , M. , Bode , M. , Pitsch , H. , Kamatsuchi , T. , Nagao , J. , and Arima , T. LES of Internal Combustion Engine Flows Using Cartesian Overset Grids 72 6 36 2017
- Giannakopoulos , G.K. , Gatzoulis , A. , Frouzakis , C.E. , Matalon , M. , and Tomboulides , A.G. Consistent Definitions of “flame displacement speed” and “Markstein length” for Premixed Flame Propagation Combustion and Flame 162 4 1249 1264 2015
- Granet , V. , Vermorel , O. , Lacour , C. , Enaux , B. et al. Large-Eddy Simulation and Experimental Study of Cycle-to-Cycle Variations of Stable and Unstable Operating Points in a Spark Ignition Engine Combust. Flame 159 4 1562 1575 2012
- Heywood , J. Combustion and Its Modeling in Spark-Ignition Engines Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines (COMODIA) , Yokohama, Japan , July 11-14, 1994 1 15
- Huth , M. and Heilos , A. Fuel Flexibility in Gas Turbine Systems: Impact on Burner Design and Performance Jansohn , P. Modern Gas Turbine Systems Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy 2013 635 684
- Hu , F. , Hussaini , M. , and Manthey , J. Low-Dissipation and Low-Dispersion Runge-Kutta Schemes for Computational Acoustics Journal of Computational Physics 124 1 177 191 1996
- Kang , S. , Bode , M. , Falkenstein , T. , and Pitsch , H. http://www.fz-juelich.de/ias/jsc/EN/Expertise/High-Q-Club/CIAO/_node.html 2015
- Kang , S. , Iaccarino , G. , Ham , F. , and Moin , P. Prediction of Wall-Pressure Fluctuation in Turbulent Flows with an Immersed Boundary Method Journal of Computational Physics 228 18 6753 6772 2009
- Knudsen , E. , Kim , S.H. , and Pitsch , H. An Analysis of Premixed Flamelet Models for Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Combustion Physics of Fluids 22 11 115109 2010
- Knudsen , E. , Kolla , H. , Hawkes , E.R. , and Pitsch , H. LES of a Premixed Jet Flame DNS Using a Strained Flamelet Model Combustion and Flame 160 12 2911 2927 2013
- Knudsen , E. and Pitsch , H. A Dynamic Model for the Turbulent Burning Velocity for Large Eddy Simulation of Premixed Combustion Combustion and Flame 154 4 740 760 2008
- Knudsen , S.E. and Pitsch , H. Modeling Partially Premixed Combustion Behavior in Multiphase LES Combustion and Flame 162 1 159 180 2015
- Kobayashi , H. The Subgrid-Scale Models Based on Coherent Structures for Rotating Homogeneous Turbulence and Turbulent Channel Flow Physics of Fluids 17 4 045104 2005
- Koch , J. , Schmitt , M. , Wright , Y.M. , Steurs , K. , and Boulouchos , K. 2014
- Langella , I. , Swaminathan , N. , Gao , Y. , and Chakraborty , N. Large Eddy Simulation of Premixed Combustion: Sensitivity to Subgrid Scale Velocity Modeling Combustion Science and Technology 189 1 43 78 2017
- Lee , J. , Cho , M. , and Choi , H. Large Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Channel and Boundary Layer Flows at High Reynolds Number with Mean Wall Shear Stress Boundary Condition Physics of Fluids 25 11 110808 2013
- Liu , X.-D. , Osher , S. , and Chan , T. Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory Schemes Journal of Computational Physics 115 1 200 212 1994
- Lodato , G. , Domingo , P. , and Vervisch , L. Three-Dimensional Boundary Conditions for Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation of Compressible Viscous Flows Journal of Computational Physics 227 10 5105 5143 2008
- Luca , S. , Al-Khateeb , A.N. , Attili , A. , and Bisetti , F. Comprehensive Validation of Skeletal Mechanism for Turbulent Premixed Methane-Air Flame Simulations Journal of Propulsion and Power 34 1 153 160 2017
- Lucchini , T. , Cornolti , L. , Montenegro , G. , D’Errico , G. et al. A Comprehensive Model to Predict the Initial Stage of Combustion in SI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1087 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1087
- Masouleh , M.G. , Keskinen , K. , Kaario , O. , Kahila , H. et al. Modeling Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in Spark Ignited Combustion Engines by Scale-Resolving Simulations for Different Engine Speeds Applied Energy 250 801 820 2019
- Matalon , M. and Matkowsky , B.J. Flames as Gasdynamic Discontinuities Journal of Fluid Mechanics 124 239 259 1982
- Meneveau , C. , Lund , T.S. , and Cabot , W.H. A Lagrangian Dynamic Subgrid-Scale Model of Turbulence Journal of Fluid Mechanics 319 353 385 1996
- Min , C. and Gibou , F. Robust Second-Order Accurate Discretizations of the Multi-Dimensional Heaviside and Dirac Delta Functions Journal of Computational Physics 227 22 9686 9695 2008
- Mittal , V. , Kang , S. , Doran , E. , Cook , D. , and Pitsch , H. LES of Gas Exchange in IC Engines Oil & Gas Science and Technology 69 1 29 40 2014
- Moureau , V. , Domingo , P. , and Vervisch , L. From Large-Eddy Simulation to Direct Numerical Simulation of a Lean Premixed Swirl Flame: Filtered Laminar Flame-Pdf Modeling Combustion and Flame 158 7 1340 1357 2011
- Osher , S. and Sethian , J.A. Fronts Propagating with Curvature-Dependent Speed: Algorithms Based on Hamilton-Jacobi Formulations Journal of Computational Physics 79 1 12 49 1988
- Pan , J. , Hu , Z. , Wei , H. , Pan , M. et al. Understanding Strong Knocking Mechanism through High-Strength Optical Rapid Compression Machines Combustion and Flame 202 1 15 2019
- Pan , J. , Wei , H. , Shu , G. , Pan , M. et al. Les Analysis for Auto-Ignition Induced Abnormal Combustion Based on a Downsized SI Engine Applied Energy 191 183 192 2017
- Pashley , N. , Stone , R. , and Roberts , G. Ignition System Measurement Techniques and Correlations for Breakdown and Arc Voltages and Currents SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0245 2000 https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0245
- Pelce , P. and Clavin , P. Influence of Hydrodynamics and Diffusion upon the Stability Limits of Laminar Premixed Flames Journal of Fluid Mechanics 124 219 237 1982
- Pera , C. , Chevillard , S. , and Reveillon , J. Effects of Residual Burnt Gas Heterogeneity on Early Flame Propagation and on Cyclic Variability in Spark-Ignited Engines Combustion and Flame 160 6 1020 1032 2013
- Peterson , B. , Reuss , D.L. , and Sick , V. High-Speed Imaging Analysis of Misfires in a Spray-Guided Direct Injection Engine Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 33 2 3089 3096 2011
- Peters , N. Laminar Flamelet Concepts in Turbulent Combustion Symposium (International) on Combustion 21 1 1231 1250 1988
- Peters , N. The Turbulent Burning Velocity for Large-Scale and Small-Scale Turbulence Journal of Fluid Mechanics 384 107 132 1999
- Pierce , C.D. and Moin , P. Progress-Variable Approach for Large-Eddy Simulation of Non-Premixed Turbulent Combustion Journal of Fluid Mechanics 504 73 97 2004
- Pitsch , H. and Steiner , H. Large-Eddy Simulation of a Turbulent Piloted Methane/Air Diffusion Flame (Sandia Flame D) Physics of Fluids 12 10 2541 2554 2000
- Pitsch , H. 1998
- Pitsch , H. A Consistent Level Set Formulation for Large-Eddy Simulation of Premixed Turbulent Combustion Combustion and Flame 143 4 587 598 2005
- Roman , F. , Armenio , V. , and Fröhlich , J. A Simple Wall-Layer Model for Large Eddy Simulation with Immersed Boundary Method Physics of Fluids 21 10 101701 2009
- Savard , B. , Lapointe , S. , and Teodorczyk , A. Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Pressure on Heat Release Rate in Iso-Octane Premixed Turbulent Flames under Conditions Relevant to SI Engines Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 36 3 3543 3549 2017
- Schiffmann , P. , Reuss , D.L. , and Sick , V. Empirical Investigation of Spark-Ignited Flame-Initiation Cycle-to-Cycle Variability in a Homogeneous Charge Reciprocating Engine International Journal of Engine Research 19 5 491 508 2018
- Silvis , M.H. , Remmerswaal , R.A. , and Verstappen , R. Physical Consistency of Subgrid-Scale Models for Large-Eddy Simulation of Incompressible Turbulent Flows Physics of Fluids 29 1 015105 2017
- Smooke , D.M. , Miller , J.A. , and Kee , R.J. Determination of Adiabatic Flame Speeds by Boundary Value Methods Combustion Science and Technology 34 1-6 79 90 1983
- Trisjono , P. , Kang , S. , and Pitsch , H. On a Consistent High-Order Finite Difference Scheme with Kinetic Energy Conservation for Simulating Turbulent Reacting Flows Journal of Computational Physics 327 612 628 2016
- van Oijen , J. and de Goey , L. Modelling of Premixed Laminar Flames Using Flamelet-Generated Manifolds Combustion Science and Technology 161 1 113 137 2000
- Voisine , M. , Thomas , L. , Borée , J. , and Rey , P. Spatio-Temporal Structure and Cycle to Cycle Variations of an In-Cylinder Tumbling Flow Experiments in Fluids 50 5 1393 1407 2011
- Wang , Z. , Liu , H. , and Reitz , R.D. Knocking Combustion in Spark-Ignition Engines Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 61 78 112 2017
- Wilke , C.R. A Viscosity Equation for Gas Mixtures The Journal of Chemical Physics 18 4 517 519 1950
- Williams , F.A. Turbulent combustion Buckmaster , J. The Mathematics of Combustion Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics 1985 97 131
- Yang , X.I.A. , Sadique , J. , Mittal , R. , and Meneveau , C. Integral Wall Model for Large Eddy Simulations of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows Physics of Fluids 27 2 025112 2015
- Zhao , L. , Moiz , A.A. , Som , S. , Fogla , N. et al. Examining the Role of Flame Topologies and In-Cylinder Flow Fields on Cyclic Variability in Spark-Ignited Engines Using Large-Eddy Simulation International Journal of Engine Research 19 8 886 904 2018