This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Fuel-Optimal Power Split and Gear Selection Strategies for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Technical Paper
2019-24-0205
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
This paper presents a computationally inexpensive optimization algorithm to jointly compute the fuel-optimal state and input trajectories for the energy management of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) on a known driving mission. Specifically, we first introduce a model of the HEV that we leverage to formulate the fuel-optimal control problem as a mixed-integer convex program. Second, we use Pontryagin’s minimum principle and non-smooth convex analysis to derive the fuel-optimal control policy for the power split, the engine on/off decision, and the gear selection. Third, we combine the optimal control policy with single shooting and a bisection method to compute the optimal strategy for reaching a predefined terminal state of charge in the absence of path constraints. Fourth, we introduce a multi-point boundary value approach to deal with path constraints, thus obtaining the optimal control strategies for a complete driving cycle. Finally, we test the proposed algorithm on representative driving cycles and compare its performance to the globally optimal solution computed using dynamic programming (DP). Our results show that our algorithm can compute the fuel-optimal control strategy with the same precision as DP, in less than one second, forming the basis for a real-time-implementable predictive energy management system for HEVs.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Ritzmann, J., Christon, A., Salazar, M., and Onder, C., "Fuel-Optimal Power Split and Gear Selection Strategies for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle," SAE Technical Paper 2019-24-0205, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0205.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 |
Also In
References
- Green Transport 2019 https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/ transport/green-transport
- Bellman , R. Dynamic Programming Science 153 3731 34 37 1966
- Sundström , O. 2009
- Ambühl , D. 2009
- Lin , C.-C. , Kang , J.-M. , Grizzle , J. W. , and Peng , H. Energy Management Strategy for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Truck Proceedings of the 2001 American Control Conference 4 2878 2883
- Tate , E. D. and Boyd , S. P. Finding Ultimate Limits of Performance for Hybrid Electric Vehicles SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-3099 2437 2448 2000 10.4271/2000-01-3099
- Murgovski , N. , Johannesson , L. , Sjöberg , J. , and Egardt , B. Component Sizing of a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Powertrain Via Convex Optimization Mechatronics 22 1 106 120 2012
- Lee , J. and Leyffer , S. Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming 154 Springer Science & Business Media 2011
- D’Ambrosio , C. and Lodi , A. Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming Tools: A Practical Overview 4OR 9 4 329 349 2011
- van Reeven , V. , Hofman , T. , Huisman , R. , and Steinbuch , M. Extending Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Explicit Control of Gear Shifting and Start-Stop 2012 American Control Conference (ACC) , IEEE 2012 521 526
- Bertsekas , D. P. Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control Belmont, MA Athena Scientific 1995
- Sciarretta , A. and Guzzella , L. Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles IEEE Control Systems 27 2 60 70 2007
- Kim , N. , Cha , S. , and Peng , H. Optimal Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 19 5 1279 1287 2011
- Delprat , S. , Guerra , T.-M. , and Rimaux , J. Optimal Control of a Parallel Powertrain: From Global Optimization to Real Time Control Strategy IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology 4 2082 2088
- Ambühl , D. , Sundström , O. , Sciarretta , A. , and Guzzella , L. Explicit Optimal Control Policy and its Practical Application for Hybrid Electric Powertrains Control Engineering Practice 18 12 1429 1439 2010
- van Keulen , T. , Gillot , J. , de Jager , B. , and Steinbuch , M. Solution for State Constrained Optimal Control Problems Applied to Power Split Control for Hybrid Vehicles Automatica 50 1 187 192 2014
- van Reeven , V. and Hofman , T. Multi-Level Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicles - Part I Vehicles 1 1 3 40 2019
- Nüesch , T. , Elbert , P. , Flankl , M. , Onder , C. , and Guzzella , L. Convex Optimization for the Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Engine Start and Gearshift Costs Energies 7 2 834 856 2014
- Guzzella , L. and Sciarretta , A. Vehicle Propulsion Systems 1 Springer 2007
- Ebbesen , S. , Salazar , M. , Elbert , P. , Bussi , C. , and Onder , C. H. Time-Optimal Control Strategies for a Hybrid Electric Race Car IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 26 1 233 247 2018
- Sundström , O. and Guzzella , L. A Generic Dynamic Programming Matlab Function Control Applications, (CCA) & Intelligent Control, (ISIC), 2009 IEEE 2009 1625 1630
- Sundström , O. , Ambühl , D. , and Guzzella , L. On Implementation of Dynamic Programming for Optimal Control Problems with Final State Constraints Oil & Gas Science and Technology-Revue de I'Institut Français du Pétrole 65 1 91 102 2010
- Salazar , M. , Elbert , P. , Ebbesen , S. , Bussi , C. , and Onder , C. H. Time-Optimal Control Policy for a Hybrid Electric Race Car IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 25 6 1921 1934 2017
- Rousseau , G. , Sinoquet , D. , and Rouchon , P. Constrained Optimization of Energy Management for a Mild-Hybrid Vehicle Oil & Gas Science and Technology-Revue de l’IFP 62 4 623 634 2007
- Robuschi , N. , Salazar , M. , Duhr , P. , Braghin , F. , and Onder , C. Minimum-Fuel Engine on/off Control for the Energy Management of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle via Iterative Linear Programming IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control 2019 2019
- World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle (WHVC) 2019 https://www.dieselnet.com/standards/cycles/whvc.php
- Ngo , V. , Hofman , T. , Steinbuch , M. , and Serrarens , A. Optimal Control of the Gearshift Command for Hybrid Electric Vehicles IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 61 8 3531 3543 2012