This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Latest Generation Diesel Aftertreatment Systems
Technical Paper
2019-24-0142
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis of two state-of-the-art diesel AfterTreatment Systems (ATS) for automotive applications is presented in this work.
Both systems, designed to fulfill Euro 6 emissions regulations standards, consist of a closed-coupled Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) followed by a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst coated on a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), also known as SCR on Filter (SCRoF or SCRF). While the two systems feature the same Urea Water Solution (UWS) injector, major differences could be observed in the UWS mixing device, which is placed upstream of the SCRoF, whose design represents a crucial challenge due to the severe flow uniformity and compact packaging requirements.
First, both the ATS were experimentally characterized to determine the physical-chemical properties of the catalysts, the UWS spray characteristics (i.e. liquid penetration, droplets size) and to evaluate the NOx conversion efficiency under steady state flow conditions, representative of type-approval operating conditions. The experiments highlighted significant differences in terms of NOx conversion efficiency between the two ATS, especially at low temperature operation.
In order to highlight the root causes of these differences, numerical analyses were then conducted by means of a commercial 3D CFD code. A systematic methodology was developed to build a robust and reliable simulation setup, for both the ATS, and validated over the experimental data. The resulting simulation model was then used as a virtual test bench to understand the UWS spray evolution, breakup and mixing, the amount and location of liquid film and to evaluate the SCRoF inlet conditions in terms of species composition and flow uniformity indexes. The numerical analysis demonstrates that the different conversion of NOx at low temperature is mainly due to the different mixing systems design, which could enhance the production of ammonia from the UWS when the temperature conditions are far from the optimum, providing useful insights for future design and optimization of similar ATS.
Authors
- Francesco Sapio - Politecnico di Torino
- Federico Millo - Politecnico di Torino
- Debora Fino - Politecnico di Torino
- Alessandro Monteverde - Politecnico di Torino
- Enrico Sartoretti - Politecnico di Torino
- Andrea Bianco - Powertech Engineering SRL
- Lucio Postrioti - Universita degli Studi di Perugia
- Alessio Tarabocchia - Cornaglia SpA
- Giacomo Buitoni - STSE s r l
- Gabriele Brizi - STSE s r l
Topic
Citation
Sapio, F., Millo, F., Fino, D., Monteverde, A. et al., "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Latest Generation Diesel Aftertreatment Systems," SAE Technical Paper 2019-24-0142, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0142.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 6 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 7 |
Also In
References
- Johnson , T. and Joshi , A. Review of Vehicle Engine Efficiency and Emissions SAE Int. J. Engines 11 6 1307 1330 2018 10.4271/2018-01-0329
- Landsberg , D. , Zink , U. , Müller-Stach , T. , Diego Albarracin Caballero , J. et al. Emission Control System for RDE -Catalyst Technology and Application Requirements 2018
- Eder , T. , Lückert , P. , Kemmner , M. , and Sass , H. OM 654 - Launch of a New Engine Family by Mercedes-Benz MTZ Worldw 77 3 60 67 2016 10.1007/s38313-015-0097-4
- Knirsch , S. , Weiss , U. , Möhn , S. , and Pamio , G. New Generation of the Audi V6 TDI Engine Part 2: Thermodynamics, Application and Exhaust Cleaning MTZ Worldw 75 10 22 27 2014 10.1007/s38313-014-0231-8
- Birkhold , F. , Meingast , U. , Wassermann , P. , and Deutschmann , O. Analysis of the Injection of Urea-Water-Solution for Automotive SCR DeNOx-Systems: Modeling of Two-Phase Flow and Spray/Wall-Interaction SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0643 2006 10.4271/2006-01-0643
- Birkhold , F. , Meingast , U. , Wassermann , P. , and Deutschmann , O. Modeling and Simulation of the Injection of Urea-Water-Solution for Automotive SCR DeNOx-Systems Appl. Catal. B Environ. 70 1-4 119 127 2007 10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.12.035
- Smith , H. , Lauer , T. , Mayer , M. , and Pierson , S. Optical and Numerical Investigations on the Mechanisms of Deposit Formation in SCR Systems SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7 2 525 542 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1563
- Seo , J. Aftertreatment Package Design for SCR Performance Optimization 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1135
- Way , P. , Viswanathan , K. , Preethi , P. , Gilb , A. et al. SCR Performance Optimization Through Advancements in Aftertreatment Packaging 2009 10.4271/2009-01-0633
- Quan , S. Towards Quantitative Prediction of Urea Thermo- Hydrolysis and Deposits Formation in Exhaust Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Systems 1 9 2019 10.4271/2019-01-0992
- Aravelli , K. and Heibel , A. 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0920
- Kim , C.H. , Schmid , M. , Schmieg , S.J. , Tan , J. et al. The Effect of Pt-Pd Ratio on Oxidation Catalysts Under Simulated Diesel Exhaust 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1134
- Epling , W.S. , Campbell , L.E. , Yezerets , A. , Currier , N.W. , and Parks , J.E. Overview of the Fundamental Reactions and Degradation Mechanisms of NOx Storage/Reduction Catalysts Catal. Rev 46 2 163 245 2004 10.1081/CR-200031932
- Metkar , P.S. , Harold , M.P. , and Balakotaiah , V. Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of NH3-SCR of NOx on Fe-ZSM-5, Cu-Chabazite and Combined Fe- and Cu-Zeolite Monolithic Catalysts Chem. Eng. Sci 87 x 51 66 2013 10.1016/j.ces.2012.09.008
- Zack , G.W. , Rogers , W.E. , and Latt , S.A. Automatic Measurement of Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency J. Histochem. Cytochem. 25 7 741 753 1977 10.1177/25.7.70454
- Postrioti , L. , Brizi , G. , Ungaro , C. , Mosser , M. , and Bianconi , F. A Methodology to Investigate the Behaviour of Urea-Water Sprays in High Temperature Air Flow for SCR de-NO Applications Fuel 150 548 557 2015 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.067
- Senecal , P.K. , Richards , K. , and Pomraning , E. CONVERGE 2.4 Manual Madison, WI 2019
- Yakhot , V. , Orszag , S.A. , Thangam , S. , Gatski , T.B. et al. Development of Turbulence Models for Shear Flows by a Double Expansion Technique Phys. Fluids A 1992 10.1063/1.858424
- Papageorgakis , G.C. and Assanis , D.N. Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear rng-Based k-Epsilon Models for Incompressible Turbulent Flows Numer. Heat Transf. Part B Fundam. 1999 10.1080/104077999275983
- Senecal , P.K. , Pomraning , E. , Richards , K.J. , and Som , S. Grid-Convergent Spray Models for Internal Combustion Engine CFD Simulations ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference ASME 978-0-7918-5509-6 697 2012 10.1115/ICEF2012-92043
- Wruck , N.M. and Renz , U. Transient Phase-Change of Droplets Impacting on a Hot Wall Transient Phenomena in Multiphase and Multicomponent Systems 2007 10.1002/9783527610785.ch14
- Ström , H. , Lundström , A. , and Andersson , B. Choice of Urea-Spray Models in CFD Simulations of Urea-SCR Systems Chem. Eng. J. 150 1 69 82 2009 10.1016/j.cej.2008.12.003
- Quan , S. , Wang , M. , Drennan , S. , Strodtbeck , J. et al. 2015
- Yim , S.D. , Kim , S.J. , Baik , J.H. , Nam , I. et al. Decomposition of Urea into NH 3 for the SCR Process Ind. Eng. Chem. Res 43 16 4856 4863 2004 10.1021/ie034052j
- Munnannur , A. , Cremeens , C.M. , and Liu , Z.G. Development of Flow Uniformity Indices for Performance Evaluation of Aftertreatment Systems SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 2011 01-1239 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1239