This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Dual-Fuel Ethanol-Diesel Technology Applied in Mild and Full Hybrid Powertrains
Technical Paper
2019-24-0115
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The increasingly stringent emissions regulations together with the demand of highly efficient vehicles from the customers, lead to rapid developments of distinct powertrain solutions, especially when the electrification is present in a certain degree. The combination of electric machines with conventional powertrains diversifies the powertrain architectures and brings the opportunity to save energy in greater extents. On the other hand, alternative combustion modes as reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) have shown to provide simultaneous ultra-low NOx and soot emissions with similar or better thermal efficiency than conventional diesel combustion (CDC). In addition, it is necessary to introduce more renewable fuels as ethanol to reduce the total CO2 emitted to the atmosphere, also called well-to-wheel (WTW) emission, in the transport sector. Therefore, the combination of these two growing technologies with the use of ethanol (E85) could be a potential way to achieve clean and efficient vehicles. In this work, numerical simulations of full hybrid electric vehicles (series, parallel and series-parallel) and mild hybrid vehicles were performed and compared versus the conventional powertrain in the WLTC driving cycle. The hybrid vehicles are simulated with both CDC and diesel-ethanol RCCI combustion engines as power source. Each powertrain was optimized in terms of electric components (battery capacity, electric motors...), internal combustion engine operating points, power management strategy and transmission/differential ratio to obtain the minimum fuel consumption and NOx emissions. The results show a significant reduction of the total mass consumption as the complexity of the hybrid system increases (more electrical devices needed). In this sense, the series-parallel architecture, which represents the most complex hybrid system, allows reducing the energy consumption around 20% compared to the conventional powertrain operating under CDC. In addition, the combined use of CDC and RCCI in the same engine map showed improvements in NOx, soot and CO2 emissions versus CDC. Moreover, the series hybrid powertrain obtained the lowest NOx and soot emissions values due to using fixed operating conditions in RCCI mode for the thermal engine. Lastly, the mild hybrid technology showed an acceptable balance between complexity and fuel consumption.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Benajes, J., Garcia, A., Monsalve-Serrano, J., and Martinez, S., "Dual-Fuel Ethanol-Diesel Technology Applied in Mild and Full Hybrid Powertrains," SAE Technical Paper 2019-24-0115, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0115.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 6 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 7 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 8 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 9 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 10 |
Also In
References
- Fayad , M.A. , Fernández-Rodríguez , D. , Herreros , J.M. , Lapuerta , M. , and Tsolakis , A. Interactions between Aftertreatment Systems Architecture and Combustion of Oxygenated Fuels for Improved Low Temperature Catalysts Activity Fuel 229 189 197 2018 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.002
- Benajes , J. , García , A. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , Balloul , I. , and Pradel , G. Evaluating the Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Operating Range Limits in a High-Compression Ratio Medium-Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel and Ethanol Int J Engine Res 18 66 80 2017 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.06.059
- Labeckas , G. , Slavinskas , S. , and Mažeika , M. The Effect of Ethanol-Diesel-Biodiesel Blends on Combustion, Performance and Emissions of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Energy Convers Manag 79 698 720 2014 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.064
- MacIan , V. , Payri , R. , Garcia , A. , and Bardi , M. Experimental Evaluation of the Best Approach for Diesel Spray Images Segmentation Exp Tech 36 26 34 2012 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2011.00730.x
- Benajes , J. , Novella , R. , García , A. , and Arthozoul , S. The Role of In-Cylinder Gas Density and Oxygen Concentration on Late Spray Mixing and Soot Oxidation Processes Energy 36 1599 1611 2011 10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.071
- Benajes , J. , García , A. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , and Boronat , V. An Investigation on the Particulate Number and Size Distributions over the Whole Engine Map from an Optimized Combustion Strategy Combining RCCI and Dual-Fuel Diesel-Gasoline Energy Convers Manag 140 98 108 2017 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.02.073
- Pedrozo , V.B. , May , I. , Guan , W. , and Zhao , H. High Efficiency Ethanol-Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion: A Comparison against Conventional Diesel Combustion from Low to Full Engine Load Fuel 230 440 451 2018 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.034
- Pan , S. , Li , X. , Han , W. , and Huang , Y. An Experimental Investigation on Multi-Cylinder RCCI Engine Fueled with 2-Butanol/Diesel Energy Convers Manag 154 92 101 2017 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.10.047
- Ansari , E. and Shahbakhti , M. Optimization of Performance and Operational Cost for a Dual Mode Diesel- Natural Gas RCCI and Diesel Combustion Engine 231 549 561 2018 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.040
- Kokjohn , S.L. , Hanson , R.M. , Splitter , D.A. , and Reitz , R.D. Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI): A Pathway to Controlled High-Efficiency Clean Combustion Int J Engine Res 12 209 226 2011 10.1177/1468087411401548
- Benajes , J. , García , A. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , and Lago Sari , R. Fuel Consumption and Engine-out Emissions Estimations of a Light-Duty Engine Running in Dual-Mode RCCI/CDC with Different Fuels and Driving Cycles Energy 157 19 30 2018 10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.144
- Benajes , J. , García , A. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , and Boronat , V. Dual-Fuel Combustion for Future Clean and Efficient Compression Ignition Engines Appl Sci 7 36 2016 10.3390/app7010036
- García , A. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , Rückert Roso , V. , and Santos Martins , M.E. Evaluating the Emissions and Performance of Two Dual-Mode RCCI Combustion Strategies under the World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle (WHVC) Energy Convers Manag 149 263 274 2017 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.07.034
- Benajes , J. , García , A. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , and Villalta , D. Exploring the Limits of the Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion Concept in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine and the Influence of the Direct-Injected Fuel Properties Energy Convers Manag 157 277 287 2018 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.028
- Muntean , M. , Vignati , E. , Crippa , M. , Solazzo , E. , Schaaf , E. , Olivier , J.G. et al. 2 2018 10.2760/30158
- Olivier , J. and Peters , J. 2018
- Lee , S. , Lee , B. , McDonald , J. , Sanchez , L.J. , and Nam , E. 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1470
- Rouhani , A. , Kord , H. , and Mehrabi , M. A Comprehensive Method for Optimum Sizing of Hybrid Energy Systems Using Intelligence Evolutionary Algorithms Indian J Sci Technol 6 4702 4712 2013 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.09.028
- Bao , R. , Avila , V. , and Baxter , J. 2017 10.4271/2017-01-1175
- Solouk , A. and Shahbakhti , M. Modeling and Energy Management of an HCCI Based Powertrain for Series Hybrid and Extended Range Electric Vehicles Int J Powertrains 6 1 2017 10.1504/IJPT.2017.10001761
- Asghar , M. , Bhatti , A.I. , Ahmed , Q. , and Murtaza , G. Energy Management Strategy for Atkinson Cycle Engine Based Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle IEEE Access 6 28008 28018 2018 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2835395
- Millo , F. , Badami , M. , Ferraro , C.V. , Lavarino , G. , and Rolando , L. A Comparison between Different Hybrid Powertrain Solutions for an European Mid-Size Passenger Car SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0818 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0818
- Registry , G. Global Technical Regulation on Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP) Glob Regist 14568 87 2017
- Benajes , J. , García , A. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , and Sari , R. Potential of RCCI Series Hybrid Vehicle Architecture to Meet the Future CO 2 Targets with Low Engine-out Emissions Appl Sci 8 1472 2018 10.3390/app8091472
- Coe , N. Market Report: The Future of Car Ownership 2019 https://plc.autotrader.co.uk/press-centre 2019
- Nations U. 2015
- Ali , A.M. Towards Optimal Power Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Real-Time: A Review on Methods, Challenges, and State-of-the-Art Solutions Energies 11 476 2018 10.3390/en11030476
- Wirasingha , S.G. and Emadi , A. Classification and Review of Control Strategies for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles IEEE Trans Veh Technol 60 111 122 2011 10.1109/TVT.2010.2090178
- European Commission 2010
- García , A. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , Sari , R. , Dimitrakopoulos , N. et al. Performance and Emissions of a Series Hybrid Vehicle Powered by a Gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion Engine Appl Therm Eng 150 564 575 2019 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.01.035
- Johnson , T.V. 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0304
- Jivkov , V. and Draganov , D. The Kinetic Energy Storage as an Energy Buffer for Electric Vehicles Adv Automob Eng 06 2017 10.4172/2167-7670.1000165
- Nikolian , A. , Firouz , Y. , Gopalakrishnan , R. , Timmermans , J.M. et al. Lithium Ion Batteries-Development of Advanced Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models for Nickel Manganese Cobalt Lithium-Ion Energies 9 360 2016 10.3390/en9050360
- Yoon , K. , Hong , J. , and Shim , J.A. 2018 10.4271/2018-01-0414
- Sarlioglu , B. , Morris , C.T. , Han , D. , and Li , S. Benchmarking of Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Electric Machines, Power Electronics, and Batteries 2015 Intl Aegean Conf. Electr. Mach. Power Electron. (ACEMP), 2015 Intl Conf. Optim. Electr. Electron. Equip. 2015 Intl Symp. Adv. Electromechanical Motion Syst., IEEE 2015 519 526 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426993
- Wang , M. , Han , J. , Dunn , J.B. , Cai , H. , and Elgowainy , A. Well-to-Wheels Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Ethanol from Corn, Sugarcane and Cellulosic Biomass for US Use Environ Res Lett 7 045905 2012 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045905
- García , A. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , Villalta , D. , and Lago Sari , R. Performance of a Conventional Diesel Aftertreatment System Used in a Medium-Duty Multi-Cylinder Dual-Mode Dual-Fuel Engine Energy Convers Manag 184 327 337 2019 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.01.069