This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Numerical Investigation of the Potential of Late Intake Valve Closing (LIVC) Coupled with Double Diesel Direct-Injection Strategy for Meeting High Fuel Efficiency with Ultra-Low Emissions in a Heavy-Duty Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Engine at High Load
Technical Paper
2019-01-1166
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The potential of diesel/gasoline RCCI combustion coupled with late intake valve closing (LIVC) and double direct injection of diesel for meeting high fuel efficiency with ultra-low emissions was investigated in this study. The study was aiming at high load operation in a heavy-duty diesel engine. Based on the reactivity stratification of RCCI combustion, the employment of double injection of diesel fuel provided concentration stratification of the high-reactivity fuel, which is to further realize effective control of the combustion process. Meanwhile, late intake valve closing (LIVC) strategy is introduced to control the maximum in-cylinder pressure and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. By coupling KIVA-3V code with genetic algorithm (GA), six crucial operating parameters including premix ratio (PR), start of first injection (SOI1), start of second injection (SOI2), mass fraction of the first fuel injection, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate, and intake temperature (Tin) were optimized to realize simultaneous minimization of fuel consumption, NOx and soot emissions in the present study. The results indicate that the soot emissions and fuel economy can be effectively decreased with the employment of two split fuel injections while the NOx is maintained under the Euro 6 limit, which demonstrates the potential of double direct-injection strategy for improving the performance of RCCI combustion with LIVC. In the evolution process, the strategies with more separated fuel injections realized by an earlier SOI1 and later SOI2 are preferred to increase the homogeneity of the cylinder charge and reduce the soot emissions. However, the amount of the premixed diesel fuel in the first injection is limited by the peak pressure rise rate (PPRR) constraint. Moreover, the double injection strategy is superior over the single injection strategy in fuel consumption due to the more near-TDC combustion phasing and in reducing the heat transfer due to the shorter combustion duration, whereas the combustion efficiency is deteriorated to some extend due to serious wall impingement with early fuel injection.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Xu, G., Jia, M., Xu, Z., Chang, Y. et al., "Numerical Investigation of the Potential of Late Intake Valve Closing (LIVC) Coupled with Double Diesel Direct-Injection Strategy for Meeting High Fuel Efficiency with Ultra-Low Emissions in a Heavy-Duty Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Engine at High Load," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-1166, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1166.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 |
Also In
References
- Lim , J.H. and Reitz , R.D. High Load (21 bar IMEP) Dual Fuel RCCI Combustion Using Dual Direct Injection Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 136 10 101514(101511 101514(101510 2014 10.1115/1.4027361
- Li , Y.P. , Jia , M. , Chang , Y.C. , Liu , Y.D. et al. Parametric Study and Optimization of a RCCI (Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition) Engine Fueled with Methanol and Diesel Energy 65 319 332 2014 10.1016/j.energy.2013.11.059
- Kavuri , C. , Paz , J. , and Kokjohn , S.L. A Comparison of Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) and Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) Strategies at High Load, Low Speed Conditions Energy Conversion and Management 127 324 341 2016 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.09.026
- García , A. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , Rückert Roso , V. , and Santos Martins , M.E. Evaluating the Emissions and Performance of Two Dual-Mode RCCI Combustion Strategies under the World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle (WHVC) Energy Conversion and Management 149 263 274 2017 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.07.034
- Reitz , R.D. and Duraisamy , G. Review of High Efficiency and Clean Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 46 12 71 2015 10.1016/j.pecs.2014.05.003
- Pandian , M.M. and Anand , K. Comparison of Different Low Temperature Combustion Strategies in a Light Duty Air Cooled Diesel Engine Applied Thermal Engineering 142 380 390 2018 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.07.047
- Dempsey , A.B. , Walker , N.R. , Gingrich , E. , and Reitz , R.D. Comparison of Low Temperature Combustion Strategies for Advanced Compression Ignition Engines with a Focus on Controllability Combustion Science and Technology 186 2 210 241 2014 10.1080/00102202.2013.858137
- Agarwal , A.K. , Singh , A.P. , and Maurya , R.K. Evolution, Challenges and Path Forward for Low Temperature Combustion Engines Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 61 1 56 2017 10.1016/j.pecs.2017.02.001
- Asthana , S. , Bansal , S. , Jaggi , S. , and Kumar , N. A Comparative Study of Recent Advancements in the Field of Variable Compression Ratio Engine Technology SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0669 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0669
- Ehleskog , M. , Gjirja , S. , and Denbratt , I. Effects of Variable Inlet Valve Timing and Swirl Ratio on Combustion and Emissions in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1719 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1719
- Modiyani , R. , Kocher , L. , Van Alstine , D.G. , Koeberlein , E. et al. Effect of Intake Valve Closure Modulation on Effective Compression Ratio and Gas Exchange in Turbocharged Multi-Cylinder Engines Utilizing EGR International Journal of Engine Research 12 6 617 631 2011 10.1177/1468087411415180
- Stricker , K. , Kocher , L. , Koeberlein , E. , Van Alstine , D. et al. Estimation of Effective Compression Ratio for Engines Utilizing Flexible Intake Valve Actuation Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 226 D8 1001 1015 2012 10.1177/0954407012438024
- Luisi , S. , Doria , V. , Stroppiana , A. , Millo , F. et al. Experimental Investigation on Early and Late Intake Valve Closures for Knock Mitigation through Miller Cycle in a Downsized Turbocharged Engine SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0760 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0760
- Zheng , B. , Yin , T. , and Li , T. Analysis of Thermal Efficiency Improvement of a Highly Boosted, High Compression Ratio, Direct-Injection Gasoline Engine with LIVC and EIVC at Partial and Full Loads SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1882 2015 10.4271/2015-01-1882
- Nevin , R.M. , Sun , Y. , Gonzalez , D. , and Reitz , R.D. PCCI Investigation Using Variable Intake Valve Closing in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0903 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0903
- He , X. , Durrett , R.P. , and Sun , Z. Late Intake Valve Closing as an Emissions Control Strategy at Tier 2 Bin 5 Engine-Out NOx Level SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0637 2008 10.4271/2008-01-0637
- Molina , S. , Garcia , A. , Monsalve-Serrano , J. , and Estepa , D. Miller Cycle for Improved Efficiency, Load Range and Emissions in a Heavy-Duty Engine Running under Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion Applied Thermal Engineering 136 161 168 2018 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.02.106
- Molina , S. , Garcia , A. , Pastor , J.M. , Belarte , E. et al. Operating Range extension of RCCI Combustion Concept from Low to Full Load in a Heavy-Duty Engine Applied Energy 143 211 227 2015 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.035
- Benajes , J. , Pastor , J.V. , Garcia , A. , and Monsalve-Serrano , J. The Potential of RCCI Concept to Meet EURO VI NOx Limitation and Ultra-Low Soot Emissions in a Heavy-Duty Engine over the Whole Engine Map Fuel 159 952 961 2015 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.064
- Xu , G.F. , Jia , M. , Li , Y.P. , Chang , Y.C. et al. Potential of Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Combustion Coupled with Variable Valve Timing (VVT) Strategy for Meeting Euro 6 Emission Regulations and High Fuel Efficiency in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Energy Conversion and Management 171 683 698 2018 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.034
- Ghaffarpour , M. and Baranescu , R. NOx Reduction Using Injection Rate Shaping and Intercooling in Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 960845 1996 10.4271/960845
- Torregrosa , A.J. , Broatch , A. , Garcia , A. , and Monico , L.F. Sensitivity of Combustion Noise and NOx and Soot Emissions to Pilot Injection in PCCI Diesel Engines Applied Energy 104 149 157 2013 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.040
- Hanson , R.M. , Kokjohn , S.L. , Splitter , D.A. , and Reitz , R.D. An Experimental Investigation of Fuel Reactivity Controlled PCCI Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Engine SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0864 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0864
- Leermakers , C.A.J. , Somers , L.M.T. , and Johansson , B.H. Combustion Phasing Controllability with Dual Fuel Injection Timings SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1575 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1575
- Amsden , A.A. 1997
- Wang , B.L. , Lee , C.W. , Reitz , R.D. , Miles , P.C. et al. A Generalized Renormalization Group Turbulence Model and Its Application to a Light-Duty Diesel Engine Operating in a Low-Temperature Combustion Regime International Journal of Engine Research 14 3 279 292 2012 10.1177/1468087412465379
- Zhang , Y.Z. , Jia , M. , Liu , H. , Xie , M.Z. et al. Development of a New Spray/Wall Interaction Model for Diesel Spray under PCCI-Engine Relevant Conditions Atomization and Sprays 24 1 41 80 2014 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2013008287
- Zhang , Y.Z. , Jia , M. , Liu , H. , and Xie , M.Z. Development of an Improved Liquid Film Model for Spray/Wall Interaction under Engine-Relevant Conditions International Journal of Multiphase Flow 79 74 87 2016 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.10.002
- Yi , P. , Long , W.Q. , Jia , M. , Tian , J.P. et al. Development of a Quasi-Dimensional Vaporization Model for Multi-Component Fuels Focusing on Forced Convection and High Temperature Conditions International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 97 130 145 2016 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.01.075
- Zhang , Y.Z. , Jia , M. , Yi , P. , Liu , H. et al. An Efficient Liquid Film Vaporization Model for Multi-Component Fuels Considering Thermal and Mass Diffusions Applied Thermal Engineering 112 534 548 2017 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.046
- Han , Z.Y. and Reitz , R.D. A Temperature Wall Function Formulation for Variable-Density Turbulent Flows with Application to Engine Convective Heat Transfer Modeling International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 40 3 613 625 1997 10.1016/0017-9310(96)00117-2
- Jia , M. , Gingrich , E. , Wang , H. , Li , Y. et al. Effect of Combustion Regime on In-Cylinder Heat Transfer in Internal Combustion Engines International Journal of Engine Research 17 3 331 346 2016 10.1177/1468087415575647
- Nordin , P. 2001
- Ricart , L.M. , Reltz , R.D. , and Dec , J.E. Comparisons of Diesel Spray Liquid Penetration and Vapor Fuel Distributions with In-Cylinder Optical Measurements Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-Transactions of the ASME 122 4 588 595 2000 10.1115/1.1290591
- Kee , R.J. , Rupley , F.M. , Meeks , E. , and Miller , J.A. 1996
- Chang , Y. , Jia , M. , Li , Y. , and Xie , M. Application of the Optimized Decoupling Methodology for the Construction of a Skeletal Primary Reference Fuel Mechanism Focusing on Engine-Relevant Conditions Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering 1 1 11 2015 10.3389/fmech.2015.00011
- Jia , M. , Peng , Z.J. , and Xie , M.Z. Numerical Investigation of Soot Reduction Potentials with Diesel Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion by an Improved Phenomenological Soot Model Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D-Journal of Automobile Engineering 223 D3 395 412 2009 10.1243/09544070JAUTO993
- Xu , G. , Jia , M. , Li , Y. , Xie , M. et al. Multi-Objective Optimization of the Combustion of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine with Low Temperature Combustion under a Wide Load Range: (I) Computational Method and Optimization Results Energy 126 707 719 2017 10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.126
- Kokjohn , S.L. , Hanson , R.M. , Splitter , D.A. , and Reitz , R.D. Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI): A Pathway to Controlled High-Efficiency Clean Combustion International Journal of Engine Research 12 3 209 226 2011 10.1177/1468087411401548
- Kim , M. , Reitz , R.D. , and Kong , S.C. Modeling Early Injection Processes in HSDI Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0056 2006 10.4271/2006-01-0056
- Shi , Y. , Wang , Y. , and Reitz , R.D. Computational Fluid Dynamic Modelling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel and Gasoline-Like Fuels International Journal of Engine Research 11 5 355 373 2010 10.1243/14680874JER537
- Deb , K. , Pratap , A. , Agarwal , S. , and Meyarivan , T. A Fast and Elitist Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm: NSGA-II IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 6 2 182 197 2002 10.1109/4235.996017
- Kavuri , C. and Kokjohn , S.L. Computational Optimization of a Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Combustion System Considering Performance at Multiple Modes Simultaneously Fuel 207 702 718 2017 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.071
- Wissink , M.L. , Splitter , D.A. , Dempsey , A.B. , Curran , S.J. et al. An Assessment of Thermodynamic Merits for Current and Potential Future Engine Operating Strategies International Journal of Engine Research 18 1-2 155 169 2017 10.1177/1468087416686698