This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Look-Ahead Model Predictive Optimal Control Strategy of a Waste Heat Recovery-Organic Rankine Cycle for Automotive Application
Technical Paper
2019-01-1130
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has proven to be a promising technology for Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) systems in heavy duty diesel engine applications. However, due to the highly transient heat source, controlling the working fluid flow through the ORC system is a challenge for real time application. With advanced knowledge of the heat source dynamics, there is potential to enhance power optimization from the WHR system through predictive optimal control. This paper proposes a look-ahead control strategy to explore the potential of increased power recovery from a simulated WHR system. In the look-ahead control, the future vehicle speed is predicted utilizing road topography and V2V connectivity. The forecasted vehicle speed is utilized to predict the engine speed and torque, which facilitates estimation of the engine exhaust conditions used in the ORC control model. In the simulation study, a reference tracking controller is designed based on the Model Predictive Control (MPC) methodology. Two variants of Non-linear MPC (NMPC) are evaluated: an NMPC with look-ahead exhaust conditions and a baseline NMPC without knowledge of future exhaust conditions. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used to estimate unmeasurable states inside the ORC evaporators based on exhaust gas and working fluid temperatures. The estimator is augmented with a disturbance model for offset free MPC tracking. Simulation results show no particular improvement to working fluid temperature tracking at the evaporator outlet via the look-ahead strategy. However, the look-ahead control strategy does provide a substantial reduction in system control effort via dampening the heavily transient working fluid pump actuation, enhancing pump longevity, health, and reducing pump power consumption. Furthermore, a simulated sinusoidal exhaust condition shows that evaporator under consideration inherently helps attenuate the fluctuating exhaust conditions due to its thermal inertia.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Rathod, D., Xu, B., Yebi, A., Vahidi, A. et al., "A Look-Ahead Model Predictive Optimal Control Strategy of a Waste Heat Recovery-Organic Rankine Cycle for Automotive Application," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-1130, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1130.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 |
Also In
References
- ICCT Policy Update United States Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations for Model Year 2018-2027 Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Engines, and Trailers August 2016
- Bari , S. and Hossain , S.N. Waste Heat Recovery from a Diesel Engine Using Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Applied Thermal Engineering 61 2 355 363 2013
- Grelet , V. , Reiche , T. , Guillaume , L. , and Lemort , V. 2014
- Chen , H. , Zhuge , W. , Zhang , Y. , Chen , T. , and Zhang , L. Performance Simulation of an Integrated Organic Rankine Cycle and Air Inter-Cooling System for Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck Engines ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition 2017 V003T28A004 V003T28A004
- Arsie , I. , Cricchio , A. , Pianese , C. , De Cesare , M. , and Nesci , W. A Comprehensive Powertrain Model to Evaluate the Benefits of Electric Turbo Compound (ETC) in Reducing CO 2 Emissions from Small Diesel Passenger Cars SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1650 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1650
- Zhang , C. , Shu , G.-Q. , Tian , H. , Wei , H. et al. Theoretical Analysis of a Combined Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) and Dual-Loop Organic Rankine Cycle (DORC) System Using for Engines’ Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-0670 2014 10.4271/2014-01-0670
- Yang , F. , Dong , X. , Zhang , H. , Wang , Z. et al. Performance Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery with a Dual Loop Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System for Diesel Engine under Various Operating Conditions Energy Conversion and Management 80 243 255 2014
- Shu , G. , Yu , G. , Tian , H. , Wei , H. et al. Multi-Approach Evaluations of a Cascade-Organic Rankine Cycle (C-ORC) System Driven by Diesel Engine Waste Heat: Part A-Thermodynamic Evaluations Energy Conversion and Management 108 579 595 2016
- Arias , D.A. , Shedd , T.A. , and Jester , R.K. Theoretical Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery from an Internal Combustion Engine in a Hybrid Vehicle SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1605 2006 10.4271/2006-01-1605
- Hernandez , A. , Desideri , A. , Gusev , S. , Ionescu , C.M. et al. Design and Experimental Validation of an Adaptive Control Law to Maximize the Power Generation of a Small-Scale Waste Heat Recovery System Applied Energy 203 549 559 2017
- Jiménez-Arreola , M. , Wieland , C. , and Romagnoli , A. Response Time Characterization of Organic Rankine Cycle Evaporators for Dynamic Regime Analysis with Fluctuating Load Energy Procedia 129 427 434 2017
- Feru , E. , Willems , F. , de Jager , B. , and Steinbuch , M. Model Predictive Control of a Waste Heat Recovery System for Automotive Diesel Engines System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC), 2014 18th International Conference 2014 658 663
- Esposito , M.C. , Pompini , N. , Gambarotta , A. , Chandrasekaran , V. et al. Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of an Organic Rankine Cycle for Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery in Automotive Engines IFAC-Papers OnLine 48 15 411 418 2015
- Hou , G. , Sun , R. , Hu , G. , and Zhang , J. Supervisory Predictive Control of Evaporator in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System for Waste Heat Recovery Advanced Mechatronic Systems (ICAMechS), 2011 International Conference on 2011 306 311
- Naranjo , H. , Andres , J. , Desideri , A. , Ionescu , C.-M. et al. Increasing the Efficiency of Organic Rankine Cycle Technology by Means of Multivariable Predictive Control 19th World Congress of the International-Federation-of-Automatic-Control (IFAC) 47 3 2195 2200 2014
- Liu , X. , Yebi , A. , Anschel , P. , Shutty , J. et al. Model Predictive Control of an Organic Rankine Cycle System Energy Procedia 129 184 191 2017
- Bemporad , A. Model Predictive Control Design: New Trends and Tools Decision and Control, 2006 45th IEEE Conference on 2006 6678 6683
- Ganji , B. and Kouzani , A.Z. A Study on Look-Ahead Control and Energy Management Strategies in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Control and Automation (ICCA), 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on 2010 388 392
- Gong , Q. , Li , Y. , and Peng , Z.-R. Trip-Based Optimal Power Management of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 57 6 3393 3401 2008
- Rajagopalan , A. and Washington , G. Intelligent Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using GPS Information SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1936 2002 10.4271/2002-01-1936
- Boehme , T.J. , Held , F. , Rollinger , C. , Rabba , H. et al. Application of an Optimal Control Problem to a Trip-Based Energy Management for Electric Vehicles SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains 2 1 115 126 2013
- Smith , R. , Morison , M. , Capelle , D. , Christie , C. , and Blair , D. GPS-Based Optimization of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles’ Power Demands in a Cold Weather City Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 16 8 614 618 2011
- Huang , W. and Bevly , D.M. Set Terrain-Based Optimal Speed Limits for Heavy Trucks Energy Saving International Journal of Powertrains 1 4 335 350 2012
- Turri , V. , Besselink , B. , Mårtensson , J. , and Johansson , K.H. Fuel-Efficient Heavy-Duty Vehicle Platooning by Look-Ahead Control Decision and Control (CDC), 2014 IEEE 53rd Annual Conference on 2014 654 660
- Gáspár , P. and Németh , B. Design of Look-Ahead Control for Road Vehicles Using Traffic Information Control and Automation (MED), 2014 22nd Mediterranean Conference of 2014 201 206 IEEE
- Yebi , A. , Xu , B. , Liu , X. , Shutty , J. , Anschel , P. , Onori , S. , Filipi , Z. , and Hoffman , M. Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Strategies for a Parallel Evaporator Diesel Engine Waste Heat Recovery System ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference 2016 V002T19A003 V002T19A003
- Yebi , A. , Xu , B. , Liu , X. , Shutty , J. et al. Estimation and Predictive Control of a Parallel Evaporator Diesel Engine Waste Heat Recovery System IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 2017
- Jazwinski , A.H. Stochastic Process and Filtering Theory Academic Press, A subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers 1970
- Maeder , U. and Morari , M. Offset-Free Reference Tracking for Predictive Controllers Decision and Control, 2007 46th IEEE Conference on 2007 5252 5257 IEEE
- Borrelli , F. and Morari , M. Offset Free Model Predictive Control Decision and Control, 2007 46th IEEE Conference on 2007 1245 1250 IEEE
- Xu , B. , Rathod , D. , Kulkarni , S. , Yebi , A. et al. Transient Dynamic Modeling and Validation of an Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery System for Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Applications Applied Energy 205 260 279 2017
- Jensen , J.M. 2003
- Houska , B. , Ferreau , H.J. , and Diehl , M. ACADO Toolkit-An Open-Source Framework for Automatic Control and Dynamic Optimization Optimal Control Applications and Methods 32 3 298 312 2011
- Bemporad , A. Model Predictive Control Design: New Trends and Tools Decision and Control, 2006 45th IEEE Conference on 2006 6678 6683 IEEE
- Zedan , H. An AN-Stable Rosenbrock-Type Method for Solving Stiff Differential Equations Computers & Mathematics with Applications 13 7 611 615 1987