This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Optimizing Thermal Efficiency of a Multi-Cylinder Heavy Duty Engine with E85 Gasoline Compression Ignition
Technical Paper
2019-01-0557
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) using a single gasoline-type fuel for direct/port injection has been shown as a method to achieve low-temperature combustion with low engine-out NOx and soot emissions and high indicated thermal efficiency. However, key technical barriers to achieving low temperature combustion on multi-cylinder engines include the air handling system (limited amount of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)) as well as mechanical engine limitations (e.g. peak pressure rise rate). In light of these limitations, high temperature combustion with reduced amounts of EGR appears more practical. Previous studies with 93 AKI gasoline demonstrated that the port and direct injection strategy exhibited the best performance, but the premature combustion event prevented further increase in the premixed gasoline fraction and efficiency. In this work, experimental testing was conducted on a 12.4 L multi-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine operating with high temperature GCI combustion using E85 gasoline. The impact on engine performance and emissions was evaluated at an engine speed of 1038 rpm and brake mean effective pressure of 14 bar with port and direct injection strategy. Compared to previous gasoline results, the start of combustion was significantly retarded and the premixed combustion was more pronounced with E85. The combustion phasing, premixed fuel amount, and pumping losses were optimized to improve efficiency by adjusting main/pilot injection timing, port/pilot injection mass fraction, and turbo charger settings. Overall, the brake thermal efficiency with E85 was 1.2% and 0.5% higher compared to the diesel baseline and E85/diesel dual-fuel combustion, respectively. E85 showed near zero soot emissions and a more than 70% reduction in NOx emissions compared to diesel.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Wang, B., Pamminger, M., and Wallner, T., "Optimizing Thermal Efficiency of a Multi-Cylinder Heavy Duty Engine with E85 Gasoline Compression Ignition," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0557, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0557.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 5 |
Also In
References
- EPA/NHTSA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles Fed. Regist. 76 179 57106 57513 2011
- U.S. EPA Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control Requirements Fed. Regist. 66 12 5002 5193 2001
- Energy Department Announces $137 Million Investment in Commercial and Passenger Vehicle Efficiency https://energy.gov/articles/energy-department-announces-137-million-investment-commercial-and-passenger-vehicle
- De , O. and Rajkumar , M. Engine Technologies for Clean and High Efficiency Heavy Duty Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 5 4 1759 1767 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1976
- Reitz , R. and Duraisamy , G. Review of High Efficiency and Clean Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 46 12 71 2015
- Hanson , R. , Ickes , A. , and Wallner , T. Use of Adaptive Injection Strategies to Increase the Full Load Limit of RCCI Operation Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 138 102802 2016
- Hanson , R. , Ickes , A. , and Wallner , T. Comparison of RCCI Operation with and without EGR over the Full Operating Map of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0794 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0794
- Onish , S. , Jo , S. , Shoda , K. , Jo , P. et al. Active Thermo-Atmosphere Combustion, ATAC, a New Combustion Process for Internal Combustion Engine SAE Technical Paper 790501 1979 10.4271/790501
- Sjoberg , M. and Dec , J. Smoothing HCCI Heat-Release Rates using Partial Fuel Stratification with Two- Stage Ignition Fuels SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0629 2006 10.4271/2006-01-0629
- Dec , J. , Yang , Y. , Dernotte , J. , and Ji , C. Effects of Gasoline Reactivity and Ethanol Content on Boosted, Premixed and Partially Stratified Low-Temperature Gasoline Combustion (LTGC) SAE Int. J. Engines 8 3 935 955 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0813
- Dec , J. , Dernotte , J. , and Ji , C. Increasing the Load Range, Load-to-Boost Ratio, and Efficiency of Low-Temperature Gasoline Combustion (LTGC) Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 10 3 1256 1274 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0731
- Yang , B. , Wang , H. , Yao , M. , Zheng , Z. et al. Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Injection Strategy on Combustion and Emission in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Gasoline SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-2266 2017 10.4271/2017-01-2266
- Kalghatgi , G. , Risberg , P. , and Angstrom , H. Advantages of Fuels with High Resistance to Auto-Ignition in Late-Injection, Low-Temperature, Compression Ignition Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3385 2006 10.4271/2006-01-3385
- Manente , V. , Johansson , B. , and Tunestal , P. Partially Premixed Combustion at High Load using Gasoline and Ethanol, a Comparison with Diesel SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0944 2009 10.4271/2009-01-0944
- Manente , V. , Tunestal , P. , and Johansson , B. Effects of Ethanol and Different Type of Gasoline Fuels on Partially Premixed Combustion from Low to High Load SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0871 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0871
- Yang , H. , Shuai , S. , Wang , Z. et al. Fuel Octane Effects on Gasoline Multiple Premixed Compression Ignition (MPCI) Mode Fuel 103 373 379 2013
- Ciatti , S. and Subramanian , S. An Experimental Investigation of Low-Octane Gasoline in Diesel Engines Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 133 092802 2011
- Wang , B. , Wang , Z. , Shuai , S. et al. Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Multiple Premixed Compression Ignition (MPCI) Fueled with Naphtha and Gasoline in Wide Load Range Energy Conversion and Management 88 79 87 2014
- Kim , K. , Wang , Z. , Wang , B. et al. Load Expansion of Naphtha Multiple Premixed Compression Ignition (MPCI) and Comparison with Partially Premixed Compression Ignition (PPCI) and Conventional Diesel Combustion (CDC) Fuel 136 1 9 2014
- Yin , L. , Ingesson , G. , Tunestal , P. , Johansson , R. et al. An Experimental Investigation of a Multi-Cylinder Engine with Gasoline-Like Fuel towards a High Engine Efficiency SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0763 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0763
- Sellnau , M. , Sinnamon , J. , Hoyer , K. , and Husted , H. Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) - Diesel-Like Efficiency with Low CO2 Emissions SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 2010 2022 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1386
- Sellnau , M. , Foster , M. , Hoyer , K. , Moore , W. et al. Development of a Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 7 2 835 851 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1300
- Sellnau , M. , Moore , W. , Sinnamon , J. , Hoyer , K. et al. GDCI Multi-Cylinder Engine for High Fuel Efficiency and Low Emissions SAE Int. J. Engines 8 2 775 790 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0834
- Sellnau , M. , Foster , M. , Moore , W. , Sinnamon , J. et al. Second Generation GDCI Multi-Cylinder Engine for High Fuel Efficiency and US Tier 3 Emissions SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 1002 1020 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0760
- Sellnau , M. , Hoyer , K. , Moore , W. , Foster , M. et al. Advancement of GDCI Engine Technology for US 2025 CAFE and Tier3 Emissions SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0901 2018 10.4271/2018-01-0901
- Zhang , Y. , Kumar , P. , Traver , M. , and Cleary , D. Conventional and Low Temperature Combustion Using Naphtha Fuels in a Multi-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 1021 1035 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0764
- Mao , B. , Chen , P. , Liu , H. et al. Gasoline Compression Ignition Operation on a Multi-Cylinder Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Fuel 215 339 351 2018
- Lewander , C. , Johansson , B. , and Tunestal , P. Extending the Operating Region of Multi-Cylinder Partially Premixed Combustion using High Octane Number Fuel SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1394 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1394
- Wang , B. , Pamminger , M. , Vojtech , R. et al. Impact of Injection Strategies on Combustion Characteristics, Efficiency, and Emissions of Gasoline Compression Ignition Operation in a Heavy-Duty Multi-Cylinder Engine International Journal of Engine Research 10.1177/1468087418801660
- Wang , B. , Pamminger , M. , and Wallner , T. Effects of Port Fuel and Direct Injection Strategies and Intake Conditions on Gasoline Compression Ignition Operation ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference San Diego, California November 4-7
- Shen , M. , Tuner , M. , Johansson , B. , and Cannella , W. Effects of EGR and Intake Pressure on PPC of Conventional Diesel, Gasoline and Ethanol in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2702 2013 10.4271/2013-01-2702
- Kaiadi , M. , Johansson , B. , Lundgren , M. , and Gaynor , J. Sensitivity Analysis Study on Ethanol Partially Premixed Combustion SAE Int., J. Engines 6 1 120 131 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0269
- Shamun , S. , Shen , M. , Johansson , B. , Tuner , M. et al. Exhaust PM Emissions Analysis of Alcohol Fueled Heavy-Duty Engine Utilizing PPC SAE Int. J. Engines 9 4 2142 2152 2016 10.4271/2016-01-2288
- Leermakers , C. , Bakker , P. , Nijssen , B. et al. Low Octane Fuel Composition Effects on the Load Range Capability of Partially Premixed Combustion Fuel 135 210 222 2014
- Kaiadi , M. , Johansson , B. , Lundgren , M. , and Gaynor , J. Experimental Investigation on Different Injection Strategies for Ethanol Partially Premixed Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0281 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0281
- Ickes , A. , Hanson , R. , and Wallner , T. Impact of Effective Compression Ratio on Gasoline-Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Engine Using Variable Valve Actuation SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1796 2015 10.4271/2015-01-1796
- Schwoerer , J. , Kumar , K. , Ruggiero , B. , and Swanbon , B. Lost-Motion VVA Systems for Enabling Next Generation Diesel Engine Efficiency and After-Treatment Optimization SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-1189 2010 10.4271/2010-01-1189
- Goodwin , D. , Moffat , H. , and Speth , R. Cantera: An Object- Oriented Software Toolkit for Chemical Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Transport Processes http://www.cantera.org 2017
- Mehl , M. , Pitz , W. , Westbrook , H. et al. Kinetic Modeling of Gasoline Surrogate Components and Mixtures under Engine Conditions Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 33 193 200 2011
- Pamminger M. , Wang B. , Hall C. , et al. The Impact of Water Injection and EGR on Combustion and Emissions in a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine Operated on Diesel and Gasoline International Journal of Engine Research 2018
- Kolodziej , C. , Ciatti , S. , Vuilleumier , D. , Das Adhikary , B. et al. Extension of Lower Load Limit of Gasoline Compression Ignition with 87 AKI Gasoline by Injection Timing and Pressure SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1302 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1302
- Dernotte , J. , Dec , J. , and Ji , C. Energy Distribution Analysis in Boosted HCCI-Like/LTGC Engines-Understanding the Trade-Offs to Maximize the Thermal Efficiency SAE Int. J. Engines 8 3 956 980 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0824
- Siebers , D. Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration in Diesel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 980809 1998 10.4271/980809
- Zhang , Y. , Sommers , S. , Per , Y. et al. Mixing-Controlled Combustion of Conventional and Higher Reactivity Gasolines in a Multi-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Compression Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0696 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0696
- Vojtech , R. Advanced Combustion for Improved Thermal Efficiency in an Advanced On-Road Heavy Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0237 2018 10.4271/2018-01-0237
- Zukouski , R. Development and Demonstration of a Fuel-Efficient Class 8 Tractor & Trailer SuperTruck 2018 DOE Vehicle Technologies Office Annual Merit Review Washington, DC June 18-21