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48V Mild-Hybrid Architecture Types, Fuels and Power Levels Needed to Achieve 75g CO2/km
Technical Paper
2019-01-0366
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
48V mild hybrid powertrains are promising technologies for cost-effective
compliance with future CO2 emissions standards. Current 48V
powertrains with integrated belt starter generators (P0) with downsized engines
achieve CO2 emissions of 95 g/km in the NEDC. However, to reach 75
g/km, it may be necessary to combine new 48V powertrain architectures with
alternative fuels. Therefore, this paper compares CO2 emissions from
different 48V powertrain architectures (P0, P1, P2, P3) with different electric
power levels under various driving cycles (NEDC, WLTC, and RTS95). A numerical
model of a compact class passenger car with a 48V powertrain was created and
experimental fuel consumption maps for engines running on different fuels
(gasoline, Diesel, E85, CNG) were used to simulate its CO2 emissions.
The simulation results were analysed to determine why specific powertrain
combinations were more efficient under certain driving conditions. As expected,
the greatest influence on emissions was from powertrain architectures. Increased
electric power levels (from 8 kW to 20 kW) allowed more brake energy to be
recovered, reducing CO2 emissions by 2 - 16% depending on the driving
cycle. The P2 and P3 architectures with even low electric motor power level
offered substantially better fuel efficiency (by 19% on average) than a
conventional powertrain with a start-stop system, whereas the P0/P1
architectures offered average improvements of only 4% for different power levels
and driving cycles. In the P0 and P1 architectures, engine friction severely
limited energy recovery during braking and made electric propulsion infeasible
due to significantly increased power demands. The P2 and P3 architectures allow
the engine to be decoupled from the powertrain and so avoid this problem.
Overall, the 48V P2/P3 powertrains allowed for significant improvements in
CO2 emissions when used with CNG, E85 or diesel fuel. 75 g/km
target value was predicted to be achievable with CNG-fuelled systems under the
NEDC and WLTC cycles, and possibly even under RTS95 on a well-to-wheel basis
when using a renewable fuel such as E85.
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Melaika, M., Mamikoglu, S., and Dahlander, P., "48V Mild-Hybrid Architecture Types, Fuels and Power Levels Needed to Achieve 75g CO2/km," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0366, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0366.Data Sets - Support Documents
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