This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Water Injection Applicability to Gasoline Engines: Thermodynamic Analysis
Technical Paper
2019-01-0266
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The vehicle WLTP and RDE homologation test cycles are pushing the engine technology toward the implementation of different solutions aimed to the exhaust gases emission reduction. The tightening of the policy on the Auxiliary Emission Strategy (A.E.S.), including those for the engine component protection, faces the Spark Ignited (S.I.) engines with the need to replace the fuel enrichment as a means to cool down both unburnt mixture and exhaust gases to accomplish with the inlet temperature turbine (TiT) limit. Among the whole technology solutions conceived to make SI engine operating at lambda 1.0 on the whole operation map, the water injection is one of the valuable candidates. Despite the fact that the water injection has been exploited in the past, the renewed interest in it requires a deep investigation in order to outcome its potential as well as its limits. Many experimental campaigns have been performed while only few researches have deeply investigated the effect of the water injection on the air-fuel mixture under engine operating conditions. Since the experiments perform like a black box and they might hide some important phenomena, CFD numerical investigation steps are mandatory in order to provide a wider and deeper overview on the thermo-fluid dynamics characteristics involved in engine operations with water injection.
This paper aims to provide an insight into those processes by using a CFD numerical approach to investigate the effect of the water injection on a non-reacting air-fuel mixture. The investigation has been carried out with the aid of CFD simulations by using AVL FIRE v.2017 solver. The influence of the physical, chemical and in-cylinder thermodynamic conditions on the effectiveness of the water cooling effect of the mixture is discussed and the application of the water injection to a spark ignition engine case at full load and high BMEP is examined. Port Water Injection (PWI) and Direct Water Injection (DWI) solutions are compared showing the high potential involved in DWI.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Falfari, S., Bianchi, G., Cazzoli, G., Ricci, M. et al., "Water Injection Applicability to Gasoline Engines: Thermodynamic Analysis," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0266, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0266.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 6 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 7 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 8 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 9 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 10 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 11 |
Also In
References
- Lanzafame , R. Water Injection Effects in a Single-Cylinder CFR Engine SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0568 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0568
- Brusca , S. and Lanzafame , R. Water Injection in IC - SI Engines to Control Detonation and to Reduce Pollutant Emissions SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1912 2003 10.4271/2003-01-1912
- Boretti , A. Water Injection in Directly Injected Turbocharged Spark Ignition Engines Applied Thermal Engineering 52 1 62 68 2013 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.11.016
- Bhagat , M. , Cung , K. , Johnson , J. , Lee , S. et al. Experimental and Numerical Study of Water Spray Injection at Engine-Relevant Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0250 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0250
- D'Adamo , A. , Berni , F. , Breda , S. , Lugli , M. et al. A Numerical Investigation on the Potentials of Water Injection as a Fuel Efficiency Enhancer in Highly Downsized GDI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0393 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0393
- Pauer , T. , Frohnmaier , M. , Walther , J. , Schenk , P. et al. Optimization of Gasoline Engines by Water Injection 37th International Vienna Motor Symposium 2016
- Worm , J. , Naber , J. , Duncan , J. , Barros , S. et al. Water Injection as an Enabler for Increased Efficiency at High-Load in a Direct Injected, Boosted, SI Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 10 3 951 958 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0663
- Battistoni , M. , Grimaldi , C. , Cruccolini , V. , Discepoli , G. et al. Assessment of Port Water Injection Strategies to Control Knock in a GDI Engine through Multi-Cycle CFD Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2017-24-0034 2017 10.4271/2017-24-0034
- Netzer , C. , Franken , T. , Seidel , L. , Lehtiniemi , H. et al. Numerical Analysis of the Impact of Water Injection on Combustion and Thermodynamics in a Gasoline Engine Using Detailed Chemistry SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0200 2018 10.4271/2018-01-0200
- De Bellis , V. , Bozza , F. , Teodosio , L. , and Valentino , G. Experimental and Numerical Study of the Water Injection to Improve the Fuel Economy of a Small Size Turbocharged SI Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 10 2 550 561 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0540
- Iacobacci , A. , Marchitto , L. , and Valentino , G. Water Injection to Enhance Performance and Emissions of a Turbocharged Gasoline Engine under High Load Condition SAE Int. J. Engines 10 3 928 937 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0660
- Cavina , N. , Rojo , N. , Businaro , A. , Brusa , A. et al. Investigation of Water Injection Effects on Combustion Characteristics of a GDI TC Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 10 4 2209 2218 2017
- Kim , J. , Park , H. , Bae , C. , Choi , M. , and Kwak , Y. Effects of Water Direct Injection on the Torque Enhancement and Fuel Consumption Reduction of a Gasoline Engine under High-Load Conditions International Journal of Engine Research 17 7 795 808 10.1177/1468087415613221
- Hoppe , F. , Thewes , M. , Baumgarten , H. , and Dohmen , J. Water Injection for Gasoline Engines: Potentials, Challenges, and Solutions International Journal of Engine Research 17 1 86 96 2015 10.1177/1468087415599867
- Hoppe , F. , Thewes , M. , Seibel , J. , Balazs , A. et al. Evaluation of the Potential of Water Injection for Gasoline Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 10 5 2500 2512 2017
- Busuttil , D. and Farrugia , M. Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Injecting Water to the Air to Fuel Mixture in a Spark Ignition Engine MM Science Journal 01 585 590 2015 10.17973/MMSJ.2015_03_201510
- Rohit , A. , Satpathy , S. , Choi , J. , Hoard , J. et al. Literature Survey of Water Injection Benefits on Boosted Spark Ignited Engines SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0658 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0658
- Cazzoli , G. , Bianchi , G.M. , Falfari , S. , and Forte , C. Development of a Chemical-Kinetic Database for the Laminar Flame Speed under GDI and Water Injection Engine Conditions Energy Procedia 154 161 2018 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.043
- Cazzoli , G. , Forte , C. , Bianchi , G. , Falfari , S. et al. A Chemical-Kinetic Approach to the Definition of the Laminar Flame Speed for the Simulation of the Combustion of Spark-Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2017-24-0035 2017 10.4271/2017-24-0035
- Goodwin , D. G. , Moffat , H. K. and Speth , R. L. Cantera: An Object-Oriented Software Toolkit for Chemical Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Transport Processes 2016
- Ranzi , E. , Frassoldati , A. , Grana , R. , Cuoci , A. et al. Hierarchical and Comparative Kinetic Modeling of Laminar Flame Speeds of Hydrocarbon and Oxygenated Fuels Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 38 4 468 501 2012 10.1016/j.pecs.2012.03.004
- Dirrenberger , P. , Glaude , P-A. , Bounaceur , R. , Le Gall , H. , da Cruz , A.P. , et al. Laminar Burning Velocity of Gasolines with Addition of Ethanol Fuel 2014 115 162 169 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.015
- Falfari , S. , Bianchi , G.M. , Cazzoli , G. , Forte , C. , and Negro , S. Basics on Water Injection Process for Gasoline Engines Energy Procedia 50 57 2018 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.018
- Nocivelli , L. , Montenegro , G. , Onorati , A. , Curto , F. et al. Quantitative Analysis of Low Pressure-Driven Spray Mass Distribution and Liquid Entrainment for SCR Application through a Mechanical Patternator SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0965 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0965
- Baeri , S. and Schmidt , J. Spray Characterisation and Heat Transfer during Cooling Processes by Intermittent Sprays DIPSI Workshop 2011 on Droplet Impact Phenomena & Spray Investigation May 18, 2012 Bergamo, Italy
- www.Openwam.org
- Brusiani , F. , Bianchi , G. , and Tiberi , A. Primary Breakup Model for Turbulent Liquid Jet Based on Ligament Evolution SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0460 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0460