This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Optical Diagnostics of Spray Characteristics and Soot Volume Fractions of n-Butanol, n-Octanol, Diesel, and Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil Blends in a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Technical Paper
2019-01-0019
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The effects of using n-butanol, n-octanol, fossil Diesel, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), and blends of these fuels on spray penetration, flame and soot characteristics were investigated in a high-pressure high-temperature constant volume combustion chamber designed to mimic a heavy duty Diesel engine. Backlight illumination was used to capture liquid and vapor phase spray images with a high-speed camera. The flame lift-off length (LOL) and ignition delay were determined by analyzing OH* chemiluminescence images. Laser extinction diagnostics were used to measure the spatially and temporally resolved soot volume fraction. The spray experiments were performed by injecting fuels under non-combusting (623 K) and combusting (823 K) conditions at a fixed ambient air density of 26 kg/m3. A Scania 0.19 mm single straight hole injector and Scania XPI common rail fuel supply system were used to produce injection pressures of 120 MPa and 180 MPa. To evaluate the effect of cetane number (CN) variation on combustion processes and soot emissions, di-tertiary-butyl peroxide (DTBP) was added to one blend to modify its CN without greatly altering its composition. The different fuels exhibited similar vapor phase penetration, but their liquid phase penetration varied significantly with the fuels’ physical properties. HVO exhibited the longest steady state liquid penetration. A fuel has a longer ignition delay, resulting in a longer flame lift-off length and thus a lower soot optical thickness and soot volume fraction distribution. Compared to Diesel fuel, n-butanol blends and n-octanol produced much lower soot emissions because of their oxygen content, lower stoichiometric A/F ratio, and high latent heat of vaporization.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Zhang, T., Andersson, M., Munch, K., and Denbratt, I., "Optical Diagnostics of Spray Characteristics and Soot Volume Fractions of n-Butanol, n-Octanol, Diesel, and Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil Blends in a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0019, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0019.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Jin , C. , Yao , M. , Liu , H. , Lee , C. et al. Progress in the Production and Application of N-Butanol as a Biofuel Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 4080 4106 2011
- Munch , K. and Zhang , T. A Comparison of Drop-in Diesel Fuel Blends Containing Heavy Alcohols Considering both Engine Properties and Global Warming Potentials SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-2254 2016 10.4271/2016-01-2254
- Preuß , J. , Munch , K. , and Denbratt , I. Performance and Emissions of Long-Chain Alcohols as Drop-In Fuels for Heavy Duty Compression Ignition Engines Fuel 216 890 897 2018
- Zubel , M. , Pischinger , S. , and Heuser , B. Assessment of the Full Thermodynamic Potential of C8-Oxygenates for Clean Diesel Combustion SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 10 3 2017 10.4271/2017-24-0118
- Leermakers , C.A.J. , Bakker , P.C. , Somers , L.M.T. , de Goey , L.P.H. et al. Commercial Naphtha Blends for Partially Premixed Combustion SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 6 1 199 216 2013
- Zhang , T. , Munch , K. , and Denbratt , I. Combustion Characteristics for Partially Premixed and Conventional Combustion of Butanol and Octanol Isomers in a Light Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-2322 2017 10.4271/2017-01-2322
- Zhang , T. , Nilsson , L.J. , Björkholtz , C. , Munch , K. et al. Effect of Using Butanol and Octanol Isomers on Engine Performance of Steady State and Cold Start Ability in Different Types of Diesel Engines Fuel 184 708 717 2016
- Pickett , L.M. , Siebers , D.L. , and Idicheria , C.A. Relationship between Ignition Processes and the Lift-off Length of Diesel Fuel Jets SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3843 2005 10.4271/2005-01-3843
- Peters , N. Turbulent Combustion Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 2000
- Pickett , L.M. and Siebers , D.L. Soot in Diesel Fuel Jets: Effects of Ambient Temperature, Ambient Density, and Injection Pressure Combust. Flame 138 114 135, 2004 2004
- Kook , S. and Pickett , L.M. Soot Volume Fraction and Morphology of Conventional and Surrogate Jet Fuel Sprays at 1000 K and 6.7 MPa Ambient Conditions Proc. Combust. Inst. 33 2911 2918 2011
- Kook , S. and Pickett , L.M. Soot Volume Fraction and Morphology of Conventional, Fischer-Tropsch, Coal-Derived, and Surrogate Fuel at Diesel Conditions SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 5 2 647 664 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0678
- Manin , J. , Skeen , S. , Pickett , L. , Kurtz , E. et al. Effects of Oxygenated Fuels on Combustion and Soot Formation/Oxidation Processes SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7 3 704 717 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2657
- Du , C. , Andersson , M. , and Andersson , S. The Influence of Ethanol Blending in Diesel Fuel on the Spray and Spray Combustion Characteristics SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7 3 823 832 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2755
- Zhou , N. , Huo , M. , Wu , H. , Nithyanandan , K. et al. Low Temperature Spray Combustion of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) and Diesel Blends Appl. Energy 117 104 115 2014
- Wu , H. , Lee , T.H. , Lee , C. , Liu , F. et al. Optical Soot Measurement of Bio-Butanol Upstream Product, ABE (Acetone - Butanol - Ethanol), under Diesel-Like Conditions Fuel 181 300 309 2016
- Heuser , B. , Jakob , M. , Kremer , F. , Pischinger , S. et al. Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass: Influence of Molecular Structures on the Exhaust Gas Emissions of Compression Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2013-36-0571 2013 10.4271/2013-36-0571
- García , A. , Monsalve-serrano , J. , Heuser , B. , Jakob , M. et al. Influence of Fuel Properties on Fundamental Spray Characteristics and Soot Emissions Using Different Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass Energy Convers. Manag. J. 108 243 254 2016
- Lapuerta , M. , Garcia-Contreras , R. , Campos-Fernandez , J. , and Pilar Dorado , M. Stability, Lubricity, Viscosity, and Cold-Flow Properties of Alcohol-Diesel Blends Energy & Fuels 24 4497 4502 2010
- Miers , S.A. , Carlson , R.W. , Mcconnell , S.S. , Ng , H.K. et al. Drive Cycle Analysis of Butanol/Diesel Blends in a Light-Duty Vehicle SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-2381 2008 10.4271/2008-01-2381
- Du , C. , Andersson , S. , and Andersson , M. Two-Dimensional Measurements of Soot in a Turbulent Diffusion Diesel Flame: The Effects of Injection Pressure, Nozzle Orifice Diameter, and Gas Density Combust. Sci. Technol. 2018
- Zhang , T. , Munch , K. , and Denbratt , I. An Experimental Study on the Use of Butanol or Octanol Blends in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 8 3 610 621 2015
- Yon , J. , Lemaire , R. , Therssen , E. , Desgroux , P. et al. Examination of Wavelength Dependent Soot Optical Properties of Diesel and Diesel/Rapeseed Methyl Ester Mixture by Extinction Spectra Analysis and LII Measurements Appl. Phys. B 104 253 271 2011
- Choi , M. , Mulholland , G. , Hamins , A. , and Kashiwagi , T. Comparisons of the Soot Volume Fraction Using Gravimetric and Light Extinction Techniques Combust. Flame 102 161 169 1995
- Matsuo , S. and Makita , T. Viscosities of Six 1-Alkanols at Temperatures in the Range 298-348 K and Pressures up to 200 MPa Int. J. Thermophys. 10 4 833 843 1989
- Wu , H. , Nithyanandan , K. , Lee , T.H. , Lee , C.F.F. et al. Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Neat Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol, N-Butanol, and Diesel in a Constant Volume Chamber Energy and Fuels 28 10 6380 6391 2014
- Hulkkonen , T. , Hillamo , H. , Sarjovaara , T. , and Larmi , M. Experimental Study of Spray Characteristics between Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) and Crude Oil Based EN 590 Diesel Fuel SAE Technical Paper 2011-24-0042 2011 10.4271/2011-24-0042
- Sugiyama , K. , Goto , I. , Kitano , K. , Mogi , K. et al. Effects of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) as Renewable Diesel Fuel on Combustion and Exhaust Emissions in Diesel Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 5 1 205 217 2012 10.4271/2011-01-1954
- Reitz , R. A Photographic Study of Flash-Boiling Atomization Aerosol Science and Technology 12 3 561 569 1990
- Yu , H. , Liang , X. , Shu , G. , Wang , Y. et al. Experimental Investigation on Spray-Wall Impingement Characteristics of N-Butanol/Diesel Blended Fuels Fuel 182 248 258 2016
- Mo , J. , Tang , C. , Li , J. , Guan , L. et al. Experimental Investigation on the Effect of N -Butanol Blending on Spray Characteristics of Soybean Biodiesel in a Common-Rail Fuel Injection System Fuel 182 391 401 2016
- Dempsey , A.B. , Walker , N.R. , and Reitz , R. Effect of Cetane Improvers on Gasoline, Ethanol, and Methanol Reactivity and the Implications for RCCI Combustion SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 6 1 170 187 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1678
- Siebers , D.L. Ignition Delay Characteristics of Alternative Diesel Fuels: Implications on Cetane Number SAE Technical Paper 852102 1985 10.4271/852102
- Knothe , G. , Matheaus , A.C. , and Ryan , T.W. Cetane Numbers of Branched and Straight-Chain Fatty Esters Determined in an Ignition Quality Tester Fuel 82 8 971 975 2003
- Wu , H. , Nithyanandan , K. , Zhou , N. , Lee , T.H. et al. Impacts of Acetone on the Spray Combustion of Acetone - Butanol - Ethanol (ABE) -Diesel Blends under Low Ambient Temperature Fuel 142 109 116 2015
- Jakob , M. , Hülser , T. , Janssen , A. , Adomeit , P. et al. Simultaneous High-Speed Visualization of Soot Luminosity and OH*Chemiluminescence of Alternative-Fuel Combustion in a HSDI Diesel Engine under Realistic Operating Conditions Combust. Flame 159 7 2516 2529 2012
- Dec , J.E. A Conceptual Model of DI Diesel Combustion Based on Laser-Sheet Imaging SAE Technical Pape 970873 1997 10.4271/970873
- Yao , M. , Wang , H. , Zheng , Z. , and Yue , Y. Experimental Study of N-Butanol Additive and Multi-Injection on HD Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions Fuel 89 9 2191 2201 2010
- Mueller , C.J. , Pitz , W.J. , Pickett , L.M. , Martin , G.C. et al. Effects of Oxygenates on Soot Processes in DI Diesel Engines: Experiments and Numerical Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1791 2003 10.4271/2003-01-1791